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The diabetes epidemic is probably the greatest health problem facing developed and developing nations alike. The current global prevalence of diagnosed diabetes is 165 million and is estimated to increase to 250 million by 2010 and to 330 million by 2025. These alarming figures do not include undiagnosed diabetes or prediabetic states. The long‐term complications associated with diabetes carries a heavy burden of increased morbidity and mortality as well as the brunt of diabetes health care costs. The most common long‐term complication of diabetes affects the peripheral nervous system leading to limb amputations and sudden cardiac death secondary to autonomic polyneuropathy. The central nervous system is affected secondarily by diabetic macrovascular disease with an increased incidence of stroke in the diabetic population. Direct cerebral effects of metabolic aberrations caused by diabetes result in a diabetes duration‐related cognitive decline, so‐called primary diabetic encephalopathy, and may even predispose patients to Alzheimer's disease. 1–3 Despite decades of intensive experimental and clinical research, we still have no effective or specific therapies for somatic and autonomic diabetic polyneuropathies (DPNs). Vigorous hyperglycemic control is the only advice given to patients, which unfortunately is not sufficient to fully prevent or control DPN as demonstrated by
Annals of Neurology – Wiley
Published: Oct 1, 2004
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