Access the full text.
Sign up today, get DeepDyve free for 14 days.
C. Witte, M. Sredl, A. Kane, L. Hungerford (2008)
Epidemiologic Analysis of Factors Associated with Local Disappearances of Native Ranid Frogs in ArizonaConservation Biology, 22
Sarmiento‐Ramírez Sarmiento‐Ramírez, Abella Abella, Martín Martín, Tellería Tellería, Lopez‐Jurado Lopez‐Jurado, Marco Marco, Dieguez‐Uribeondo Dieguez‐Uribeondo (2010)
Fusarium solani is responsible for mass mortalities in nests of loggerhead sea turtle, Caretta caretta , in Boavista, Cape VerdeFederation of Microbiological Societies Microbiology Letters, 312
J. Sarmiento-Ramirez, E. Abella, M. Martín, M. Telleria, L. López-Jurado, A. Marco, J. Diéguez-Uribeondo (2010)
Fusarium solani is responsible for mass mortalities in nests of loggerhead sea turtle, Caretta caretta, in Boavista, Cape Verde.FEMS microbiology letters, 312 2
(2012)
IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature West Asia/Middle East (WAME) Regional Office In cooperation with Bibliotheca Alexandrina Funded by Ford Foundation Outcome Report on Future of Sustainability Debate in the Arab Region
Kyle Houtan, Stacy Hargrove, G. Balazs (2010)
Land Use, Macroalgae, and a Tumor-Forming Disease in Marine TurtlesPLoS ONE, 5
C. Davidson, R. Knapp (2007)
Multiple stressors and amphibian declines: dual impacts of pesticides and fish on yellow-legged frogs.Ecological applications : a publication of the Ecological Society of America, 17 2
A. Pedersen, Kate Jones, C. Nunn, S. Altizer (2007)
Infectious Diseases and Extinction Risk in Wild MammalsConservation Biology, 21
S. Altizer, C. Nunn, P. Lindenfors (2007)
Do threatened hosts have fewer parasites? A comparative study in primates.The Journal of animal ecology, 76 2
(2005)
2004 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: A Global Species Assessment edited by Jonathan E.M. Baillie, Craig Hilton-Taylor & Simon N. Stuart (2004), xxiii + 191 pp., IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. ISBN 2 8317 0826 5 (pbk), £18.50.Oryx, 39
A. Dobson, J. Foufopoulos (2001)
Emerging infectious pathogens of wildlife.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences, 356 1411
David Blehert, Alan Hicks, M. Behr, C. Meteyer, Brenda Berlowski-Zier, E. Buckles, Jeremy Coleman, Scott Darling, A. Gargas, R. Niver, J. Okoniewski, R. Rudd, W. Stone (2009)
Bat White-Nose Syndrome: An Emerging Fungal Pathogen?Science, 323
R. Anderson, R. May (1986)
The invasion, persistence and spread of infectious diseases within animal and plant communities.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences, 314 1167
M. Heard, Katherine Smith, K. Ripp (2011)
Examining the Evidence for Chytridiomycosis in Threatened Amphibian SpeciesPLoS ONE, 6
A. Agresti (1990)
An introduction to categorical data analysis
S. Butchart, A. Stattersfield, J. Baillie, Leon Bennun, S. Stuart, H. Akçakaya, C. Hilton‐Taylor, Georgina Mace (2005)
Using Red List Indices to measure progress towards the 2010 target and beyondPhilosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 360
R. Warner (1968)
THE ROLE OF INTRODUCED DISEASES IN THE EXTINCTION OF THE ENDEMIC HAWAIIAN AVIFAUNAThe Condor, 70
D. Wilcove, D. Rothstein, J. Dubow, A. Phillips, E. Losos (1998)
QUANTIFYING THREATS TO IMPERILED SPECIES IN THE UNITED STATESBioScience, 48
M. Fisher, Daniel Henk, C. Briggs, J. Brownstein, L. Madoff, S. McCraw, S. Gurr (2012)
Emerging fungal threats to animal, plant and ecosystem healthNature, 484
Menna Jones, P. Jarman, C. Lees, H. Hesterman, Rodrigo Hamede, N. Mooney, Dydee Mann, Chrissy Pukk, J. Bergfeld, H. McCallum (2007)
Conservation Management of Tasmanian Devils in the Context of an Emerging, Extinction-threatening Disease: Devil Facial Tumor DiseaseEcoHealth, 4
A. Aguirre, G. Tabor (2008)
Global Factors Driving Emerging Infectious DiseasesAnnals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1149
O. Hoegh‐Guldberg, L. Hughes, S. McIntyre, D. Lindenmayer, C. Parmesan, H. Possingham, C. Thomas (2008)
Assisted Colonization and Rapid Climate ChangeScience, 321
Hamish McCallum, A. Dobson (1995)
Detecting disease and parasite threats to endangered species and ecosystems.Trends in ecology & evolution, 10 5
P. Daszak, L. Berger, Andrew Cunningham, A. Hyatt, D. Green, R. Speare
Perspectives Perspectives Perspectives Perspectives Perspectives Amphibian Population Declines Emerging Infectious Diseases and Amphibian Population Declines
Daszak Daszak, Berger Berger, Cunningham Cunningham, Hyatt Hyatt, Green Green, Speare Speare (1999)
Emerging infectious diseases and amphibian population declinesEmerging Infectious Diseases, 5
J. Gurevitch, D. Padilla (2004)
Are invasive species a major cause of extinctions?Trends in ecology & evolution, 19 9
J. Pearce-Duvet (2006)
The origin of human pathogens: evaluating the role of agriculture and domestic animals in the evolution of human diseaseBiological Reviews, 81
C. Atkinson, K. Woods, R. Dusek, L. Sileo, W. Iko (1995)
Wildlife disease and conservation in Hawaii: Pathogenicity of avian malaria (Plasmodium relictum) in experimentally infected Iiwi (Vestiaria coccinea)Parasitology, 111
J. Pounds, Martín Bustamante, L. Coloma, Jamie Consuegra, M. Fogden, P. Foster, P. Foster, E. Marca, K. Masters, A. Merino‐Viteri, R. Puschendorf, S. Ron, S. Ron, G. Sánchez-Azofeifa, C. Still, B. Young (2006)
Widespread amphibian extinctions from epidemic disease driven by global warmingNature, 439
Katherine Smith, S. Carpenter (2006)
Potential spread of introduced black rat (Rattus rattus) parasites to endemic deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) on the California Channel IslandsDiversity and Distributions, 12
W. Frick, Jacob Pollock, Alan Hicks, Kate Langwig, D. Reynolds, Gregory Turner, Calvin Butchkoski, Thomas Kunz (2010)
An Emerging Disease Causes Regional Population Collapse of a Common North American Bat SpeciesScience, 329
T. Blackburn, P. Cassey, R. Duncan, K. Evans, K. Gaston (2004)
Avian Extinction and Mammalian Introductions on Oceanic IslandsScience, 305
S. O'Brien, J. Evermann (1988)
Interactive influence of infectious disease and genetic diversity in natural populationsTrends in Ecology & Evolution, 3
Vitousek Vitousek, Mooney Mooney, Lubchenco Lubchenco, Melillo Melillo (1997)
Human domination of the earth's ecosystemsScience, 277
M. Araújo, Diogo Alagador, M. Cabeza, D. Nogués-Bravo, W. Thuiller (2011)
Climate change threatens European conservation areasEcology Letters, 14
M. Clavero, E. García‐Berthou (2005)
Invasive species are a leading cause of animal extinctions.Trends in ecology & evolution, 20 3
M. Hoffmann, C. Hilton‐Taylor, A. Angulo, M. Böhm, Thomas Brooks, S. Butchart, Kent Carpenter, J. Chanson, B. Collen, N. Cox, W. Darwall, N. Dulvy, Lucy Harrison, V. Katariya, C. Pollock, S. Quader, N. Richman, Ana Rodrigues, M. Tognelli, J. Vié, John Aguiar, D. Allen, Gerald Allen, G. Amori, N. Ananjeva, F. Andreone, P. Andrew, Aida Ortiz, J. Baillie, R. Baldi, Ben Bell, S. Biju, Jeremy Bird, P. Black-Décima, J. Blanc, F. Bolaños, W. Bolívar-G., I. Burfield, James Burton, David Capper, F. Castro, G. Catullo, R. Cavanagh, A. Channing, Ning Chao, Anna Chenery, Federica Chiozza, V. Clausnitzer, N. Collar, Leah Collett, Bruce Collette, Claudia Fernandez, Matthew Craig, M. Crosby, N. Cumberlidge, Annabelle Cuttelod, A. Derocher, A. Diesmos, John Donaldson, J. Duckworth, G. Dutson, S. Dutta, R. Emslie, A. Farjon, S. Fowler, J. Freyhof, D. Garshelis, J. Gerlach, D. Gower, Tandora Grant, G. Hammerson, Richard Harris, L. Heaney, S. Hedges, J. Hero, Baz Hughes, Syed Hussain, Javier M., R. Inger, N. Ishii, D. Iskandar, Richard Jenkins, Y. Kaneko, M. Kottelat, Kit Kovacs, S. Kuzmin, E. Marca, John Lamoreux, Michael Lau, E. Lavilla, K. Leus, R. Lewison, G. Lichtenstein, S. Livingstone, V. Lukoschek, D. Mallon, Philip McGowan, A. McIvor, P. Moehlman, S. Molur, Antonio Alonso, J. Musick, K. Nowell, Ronald Nussbaum, W. Olech, Nikolay Orlov, T. Papenfuss, G. Parra-Olea, William Perrin, B. Polidoro, M. Pourkazemi, P. Racey, J. Ragle, Mala Ram, G. Rathbun, Robert Reynolds, A. Rhodin, Stephen Richards, Lily Rodríguez, Santiago Ron, C. Rondinini, A. Rylands, Y. Mitcheson, Jonnell Sanciangco, Kate Sanders, G. Santos-Barrera, J. Schipper, C. Self-Sullivan, Yichuan Shi, A. Shoemaker, Frederick Short, C. Sillero-Zubiri, D. Silvano, Kevin Smith, Andrew Smith, J. Snoeks, A. Stattersfield, Andy Symes, Andrew Taber, B. Talukdar, H. Temple, R. Timmins, Joseph Tobias, K. Tsytsulina, D. Tweddle, C. Úbeda, Sarah Valenti, Peter Dijk, Liza Veiga, A. Veloso, D. Wege, M. Wilkinson, Elizabeth Williamson, F. Xie, Bruce Young, H. Akçakaya, L. Bennun, Tim Blackburn, L. Boitani, H. Dublin, G. Fonseca, C. Gascon, T. Lacher, Georgina Mace, S. Mainka, Jeffery McNeely, R. Mittermeier, Gordon Reid, Jon Rodriguez, Andrew Rosenberg, M. Samways, J. Smart, Bruce Stein, S. Stuart (2010)
The Impact of Conservation on the Status of the World’s VertebratesScience, 330
Francisco Castro, B. Bolker (2004)
Mechanisms of disease‐induced extinctionEcology Letters, 8
C. Becker, C. Fonseca, C. Haddad, R. Batista, P. Prado (2007)
Habitat Split and the Global Decline of AmphibiansScience, 318
Katherine Smith, Michael Behrens, D. Sax (2009)
Local Scale Effects of Disease on BiodiversityEcoHealth, 6
D. Fairclough, A. Nakazono (2004)
Choerodon schoenleinii. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2
G. Witmer (2004)
Rodent Ecology and Plague in North America
A. Cunningham, P. Daszak (1998)
Extinction of a Species of Land Snail Due to Infection with a Microsporidian ParasiteConservation Biology, 12
Megan Johnson, R. Speare (2005)
Possible modes of dissemination of the amphibian chytrid Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis in the environment.Diseases of aquatic organisms, 65 3
S. Davies (2006)
Epidemiology: Study Design and Data Analysis (2nd ed.)Journal of the American Statistical Association, 101
L. Schloegel, J. Hero, L. Berger, R. Speare, K. Mcdonald, P. Daszak (2006)
The Decline of the Sharp-Snouted Day Frog (Taudactylus acutirostris): The First Documented Case of Extinction by Infection in a Free-Ranging Wildlife Species?EcoHealth, 3
B. Gratwicke, Matthew Evans, P. Jenkins, M. Kusrini, Robin Moore, J. Sevin, D. Wildt (2010)
Is the international frog legs trade a potential vector for deadly amphibian pathogensFrontiers in Ecology and the Environment, 8
Katherine Smith, K. Acevedo-Whitehouse, A. Pedersen (2009)
The role of infectious diseases in biological conservationAnimal Conservation, 12
J. Bosch, L. Carrascal, L. Durán, Susan Walker, M. Fisher (2007)
Climate change and outbreaks of amphibian chytridiomycosis in a montane area of Central Spain; is there a link?Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 274
Katherine Smith, D. Sax, K. Lafferty (2006)
Evidence for the Role of Infectious Disease in Species Extinction and EndangermentConservation Biology, 20
A. Agresti, C. Mehta, Nitin Patel (1990)
Exact Inference for Contingency Tables with Ordered CategoriesJournal of the American Statistical Association, 85
M. Woodward (1999)
Epidemiology: Study Design and Data Analysis
C. Hof, M. Araújo, W. Jetz, C. Rahbek (2011)
Additive threats from pathogens, climate and land-use change for global amphibian diversityNature, 480
P. Stapp, M. Antolin, M. Ball (2004)
Patterns of extinction in prairie dog metapopulations: plague outbreaks follow El Niño eventsFrontiers in Ecology and the Environment, 2
G. Blancher, A. Uzan (2004)
[Introduction. Epidemiology].Annales pharmaceutiques francaises, 62 2
Aguirre Aguirre, Tabor Tabor (2008)
Global factors driving emerging infectious diseases impact on wildlife populationsAnimal Biodiversity and Emerging Diseases: Prediction and Prevention, 1149
Pieter Johnson, J. Olden, M. Zanden (2008)
Dam invaders: impoundments facilitate biological invasions into freshwatersFrontiers in Ecology and the Environment, 6
R. Plowright, S. Sokolow, M. Gorman, P. Daszak, J. Foley (2008)
Causal inference in disease ecology: investigating ecological drivers of disease emergenceFrontiers in Ecology and the Environment, 6
J. Foley, D. Clifford, K. Castle, P. Cryan, R. Ostfeld (2011)
Investigating and Managing the Rapid Emergence of White‐Nose Syndrome, a Novel, Fatal, Infectious Disease of Hibernating BatsConservation Biology, 25
T. Davies, T. Davies, A. Pedersen (2008)
Phylogeny and geography predict pathogen community similarity in wild primates and humansProceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 275
At local scales, infectious disease is a common driver of population declines, but globally it is an infrequent contributor to species extinction and endangerment. For species at risk of extinction from disease important questions remain unanswered, including when does disease become a threat to species and does it co‐occur, predictably, with other threats? Using newly compiled data from the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List, we examined the relative role and co‐occurrence of threats associated with amphibians, birds, and mammals at 6 levels of extinction risk (i.e., Red List status categories: least concern, near threatened, vulnerable, endangered, critically endangered, and extinct in the wild/extinct). We tested the null hypothesis that the proportion of species threatened by disease is the same in all 6 Red List status categories. Our approach revealed a new method for determining when disease most frequently threatens species at risk of extinction. The proportion of species threatened by disease varied significantly between IUCN status categories and linearly increased for amphibians, birds, and all species combined as these taxa move from move from least concern to critically endangered. Disease was infrequently the single contributing threat. However, when a species was negatively affected by a major threat other than disease (e.g., invasive species, land‐use change) that species was more likely to be simultaneously threatened by disease than species that had no other threats. Potential drivers of these trends include ecological factors, clustering of phylogenetically related species in Red List status categories, discovery bias among species at greater risk of extinction, and availability of data. We echo earlier calls for baseline data on the presence of parasites and pathogens in species when they show the first signs of extinction risk and arguably before. La Amenaza de Enfermedades Incrementa a Medida que las Especies se Aproximan a la Extinción
Conservation Biology – Wiley
Published: Dec 1, 2013
Read and print from thousands of top scholarly journals.
Already have an account? Log in
Bookmark this article. You can see your Bookmarks on your DeepDyve Library.
To save an article, log in first, or sign up for a DeepDyve account if you don’t already have one.
Copy and paste the desired citation format or use the link below to download a file formatted for EndNote
Access the full text.
Sign up today, get DeepDyve free for 14 days.
All DeepDyve websites use cookies to improve your online experience. They were placed on your computer when you launched this website. You can change your cookie settings through your browser.