Get 20M+ Full-Text Papers For Less Than $1.50/day. Start a 14-Day Trial for You or Your Team.

Learn More →

Oxidative depolymerization of polysaccharides by reactive oxygen/nitrogen species

Oxidative depolymerization of polysaccharides by reactive oxygen/nitrogen species Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) are constantly produced and are tightly regulated to maintain a redox balance (or homeostasis) together with antioxidants (e.g. superoxide dismutase and glutathione) under normal physiological circumstances. These ROS/RNS have been shown to be critical for various biological events including signal transduction, aging, apoptosis, and development. Despite the known beneficial effects, an overproduction of ROS/RNS in the cases of receptor-mediated stimulation and disease-induced oxidative stress can inflict severe tissue damage. In particular, these ROS/RNS are capable of degrading macromolecules including proteins, lipids and nucleic acids as well as polysaccharides, and presumably lead to their dysfunction. The purpose of this review is to highlight (1) chemical mechanisms related to cell-free and cell-based depolymerization of polysaccharides initiated by individual oxidative species; (2) the effect of ROS/RNS-mediated depolymerization on the successive cleavage of the glycosidic linkage of polysaccharides by glycoside hydrolases; and (3) the potential biological outcome of ROS/RNS-mediated depolymerization of polysaccharides. http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png Glycobiology Oxford University Press

Oxidative depolymerization of polysaccharides by reactive oxygen/nitrogen species

Glycobiology , Volume 21 (4) – Apr 28, 2011

Loading next page...
 
/lp/oxford-university-press/oxidative-depolymerization-of-polysaccharides-by-reactive-oxygen-YctMnGd9OZ

References (86)

Publisher
Oxford University Press
Copyright
The Author 2010. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissionsoup.com
Subject
Review
ISSN
0959-6658
eISSN
1460-2423
DOI
10.1093/glycob/cwq171
pmid
21030538
Publisher site
See Article on Publisher Site

Abstract

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) are constantly produced and are tightly regulated to maintain a redox balance (or homeostasis) together with antioxidants (e.g. superoxide dismutase and glutathione) under normal physiological circumstances. These ROS/RNS have been shown to be critical for various biological events including signal transduction, aging, apoptosis, and development. Despite the known beneficial effects, an overproduction of ROS/RNS in the cases of receptor-mediated stimulation and disease-induced oxidative stress can inflict severe tissue damage. In particular, these ROS/RNS are capable of degrading macromolecules including proteins, lipids and nucleic acids as well as polysaccharides, and presumably lead to their dysfunction. The purpose of this review is to highlight (1) chemical mechanisms related to cell-free and cell-based depolymerization of polysaccharides initiated by individual oxidative species; (2) the effect of ROS/RNS-mediated depolymerization on the successive cleavage of the glycosidic linkage of polysaccharides by glycoside hydrolases; and (3) the potential biological outcome of ROS/RNS-mediated depolymerization of polysaccharides.

Journal

GlycobiologyOxford University Press

Published: Apr 28, 2011

Keywords: degradation nitric oxide polysaccharide superoxide

There are no references for this article.