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M. Garman., James Ohlson (1980)
Information And The Sequential Valuation Of Assets In Arbitrage-Free EconomiesJournal of Accounting Research, 18
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Abstract. This paper analyzes the decision‐facilitating role of external accounting reports in large capital markets in which managers are costlessly motivated to act in the best interests of investors. Given homogeneous beliefs, time‐additive preferences, and a sufficient variety of tradeable claims, external accounting reports are shown to provide a basis for Pareto improvements (relative to merely reporting dividends) only if those reports provide a means of making better production decisions. In a large economy, with both economy‐wide and firm‐specific risks, such improvements are shown to occur if the reports reveal events that affect the future productivity of the economy or individual firms or events that will result in economy‐wide windfall gains or losses. However, reports that reveal future firm‐specific windfall gains or losses have no value, even though they would affect market prices. Furthermore, while resources will be allocated more efficiently if managers have information about the productivity of their firms, the economy can achieve those efficiency gains without reporting firm‐specific productivity information to investors, provided that investors hold well‐diversified investment portfolios and are aware of each manager's information structure and decision criterion (which is to maximize the “full information” value of their firms). Résumé. Les auteurs analysent le rôle des rapports comptables externes, lorsqu'il s'agit de faciliter la décision, dans les marchés de capitaux importants dans lesquels les gestionnaires sont motivés à agir dans les meilleurs intérêts des investisseurs, sans que cela n'occasionne de coûts. Etant donné l'homogénéité des convictions, le renforcement des préférences dans le temps et une variété suffisante de créances négociables, il appert que les rapports comptables externes peuvent servir de base aux améliorations au sens de Pareto (relatives à la simple divulgation des dividendes) seulement si ces rapports permettent de prendre de meilleures décisions de production. Dans une grande économie, qui présente des risques tant à l'échelle de l'économie dans son ensemble qu'à l'échelle des entreprises particulières, ces améliorations semblent se produire si les rapports révèlent des événements qui touchent la productivité future de l'économie ou des entreprises particulières ou des événements qui donneront lieu à des gains ou à des pertes à l'échelle de l'économie. Toutefois, les rapports qui révèlent des gains ou des pertes éventuels particuliers à une entreprise n'ont pas de valeur, même s'ils sont susceptibles d'influer sur les prix du marché. En outre, bien que les ressources puissent être réparties de façon plus efficiente si les gestionnaires possèdent de l'information au sujet de la productivité de leur entreprise, l'économie peut réaliser ces gains d'efficience sans faire état aux investisseurs de l'information relative à la productivité particulière à l'entreprise, à condition que les investisseurs détiennent des portefeuilles de placements bien diversifiés et qu'ils soient au fait de la structure d'information et du critère de décision de chaque gestionnaire (qui consiste à maximiser la valeur de «l'information complète» relative à leur entreprise).
Contemporary Accounting Research – Wiley
Published: Sep 1, 1988
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