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Cathepsin B Acts as a Dominant Execution Protease in Tumor Cell Apoptosis Induced by Tumor Necrosis Factor

Cathepsin B Acts as a Dominant Execution Protease in Tumor Cell Apoptosis Induced by Tumor... Death receptors can trigger cell demise dependent or independent of caspases. In WEHI-S fibrosarcoma cells, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) induced an increase in cytosolic cathepsin B activity followed by death with apoptotic features. Surprisingly, this process was enhanced by low, but effectively inhibiting, concentrations of pan-caspase inhibitors. Contrary to caspase inhibitors, a panel of pharmacological cathepsin B inhibitors, the endogenous cathepsin inhibitor cystatin A as well as antisense-mediated depletion of cathepsin B rescued WEHI-S cells from apoptosis triggered by TNF or TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand. Thus, cathepsin B can take over the role of the dominant execution protease in death receptor-induced apoptosis. The conservation of this alternative execution pathway was further examined in other tumor cell lines. Here, cathepsin B acted as an essential downstream mediator of TNF-triggered and caspase-initiated apoptosis cascade, whereas apoptosis of primary cells was only minimally dependent on cathepsin B. These data imply that cathepsin B, which is commonly overexpressed in human primary tumors, may have two opposing roles in malignancy, reducing it by its proapoptotic features and enhancing it by its known facilitation of invasion. apoptosis cancer caspase independent cathepsins tumor necrosis factor Footnotes The online version of this article contains supplemental material. M. Leist and M. Jäättelä share senior authorship. Abbreviations used in this paper: AFC, 7-amino-trifluoromethylcoumarin; ALLN, N -Acetyl-leu-Leu-Nle-CHO; anti-CD95, agonistic antibody against CD95; Boc-D-fmk, Boc-Asp-CH 2 F; DEVD-CHO, acetyl-Asp-Glu-Val-Asp-aldehyde; IETD-CHO, acetyl-Ile-Glu-Thr-Asp-aldehyde; lactacystine, clasto-lactacystin-β-lactone; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; MEF, murine embryonic fibroblast; MTT, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide; NF-κB, nuclear factor κB; PS, phosphatidylserine; rhTNF, recombinant human TNF; rmTNF, recombinant murine TNF; TLCK, N -α-Tosyl- l -Lys-chloromethyl ketone; TNF, tumor necrosis factor; TNF-R, TNF receptor; TPCK, tosyl- l -Phe-chloromethyl ketone; TRAIL, TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand; zFA-fmk, z-Phe-Ala-CH 2 F; zFK-mbmk, z-Phe-Lys-2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyloxymethylketone; zVAD-fmk, z-Val-Ala-DL-Asp-CH 2 F; zVDVAD-fmk, z-Val-Asp(OMe)-Val-Ala-Asp(OMe)-CH 2 F. Submitted: 20 February 2001 Revision requested 19 April 2001 Accepted: 19 April 2001 http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png The Journal of Cell Biology Rockefeller University Press

Cathepsin B Acts as a Dominant Execution Protease in Tumor Cell Apoptosis Induced by Tumor Necrosis Factor

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References (53)

Publisher
Rockefeller University Press
Copyright
© 2001 The Rockefeller University Press
ISSN
0021-9525
eISSN
1540-8140
DOI
10.1083/jcb.153.5.999
Publisher site
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Abstract

Death receptors can trigger cell demise dependent or independent of caspases. In WEHI-S fibrosarcoma cells, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) induced an increase in cytosolic cathepsin B activity followed by death with apoptotic features. Surprisingly, this process was enhanced by low, but effectively inhibiting, concentrations of pan-caspase inhibitors. Contrary to caspase inhibitors, a panel of pharmacological cathepsin B inhibitors, the endogenous cathepsin inhibitor cystatin A as well as antisense-mediated depletion of cathepsin B rescued WEHI-S cells from apoptosis triggered by TNF or TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand. Thus, cathepsin B can take over the role of the dominant execution protease in death receptor-induced apoptosis. The conservation of this alternative execution pathway was further examined in other tumor cell lines. Here, cathepsin B acted as an essential downstream mediator of TNF-triggered and caspase-initiated apoptosis cascade, whereas apoptosis of primary cells was only minimally dependent on cathepsin B. These data imply that cathepsin B, which is commonly overexpressed in human primary tumors, may have two opposing roles in malignancy, reducing it by its proapoptotic features and enhancing it by its known facilitation of invasion. apoptosis cancer caspase independent cathepsins tumor necrosis factor Footnotes The online version of this article contains supplemental material. M. Leist and M. Jäättelä share senior authorship. Abbreviations used in this paper: AFC, 7-amino-trifluoromethylcoumarin; ALLN, N -Acetyl-leu-Leu-Nle-CHO; anti-CD95, agonistic antibody against CD95; Boc-D-fmk, Boc-Asp-CH 2 F; DEVD-CHO, acetyl-Asp-Glu-Val-Asp-aldehyde; IETD-CHO, acetyl-Ile-Glu-Thr-Asp-aldehyde; lactacystine, clasto-lactacystin-β-lactone; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; MEF, murine embryonic fibroblast; MTT, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide; NF-κB, nuclear factor κB; PS, phosphatidylserine; rhTNF, recombinant human TNF; rmTNF, recombinant murine TNF; TLCK, N -α-Tosyl- l -Lys-chloromethyl ketone; TNF, tumor necrosis factor; TNF-R, TNF receptor; TPCK, tosyl- l -Phe-chloromethyl ketone; TRAIL, TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand; zFA-fmk, z-Phe-Ala-CH 2 F; zFK-mbmk, z-Phe-Lys-2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyloxymethylketone; zVAD-fmk, z-Val-Ala-DL-Asp-CH 2 F; zVDVAD-fmk, z-Val-Asp(OMe)-Val-Ala-Asp(OMe)-CH 2 F. Submitted: 20 February 2001 Revision requested 19 April 2001 Accepted: 19 April 2001

Journal

The Journal of Cell Biology – Rockefeller University Press

Published: May 28, 2001

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