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Propagation of Magma-Filled Cracks

Propagation of Magma-Filled Cracks The mechanism ofmagma transport at depth influences direction magma moves, the distance it travels before freezing, the degree to which it communicates chemically with the host rock, the form of surficial volcanism, and ultimately the growth of oceanic and continental crust. Commonly envisioned transport processes include porous flow in partially molten and deformable source rock, flow through fractures in elasticlbrittle rock, and diapiric ascent (typically of granites) through viscous rock. Of these, transport in fractures, or dikes, is the most efficient means of moving magma through cold lithosphere. Porous flow is an option only if there has been sufficient advection of heat to raise the rock temperature above the solidus (a possibility beneath Hawaii, for example). Although the sheet-like form of dikes is less advantageous thermally than the equidimensional form of diapirs, except for possibly the most viscous rhyolites, this is more than offset by the fact that transport rates depend upon the magma viscosity, rather than the host rock viscosity. Dike intrusion is also the transport mechanism that permits the most direct comparison between theory and observation. In part, this is because many dikes carry so little heat that magmatic and host rock structures produced during in­ http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences Annual Reviews

Propagation of Magma-Filled Cracks

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Publisher
Annual Reviews
Copyright
Copyright 1995 Annual Reviews. All rights reserved
Subject
Review Articles
ISSN
0084-6597
eISSN
1545-4495
DOI
10.1146/annurev.ea.23.050195.001443
Publisher site
See Article on Publisher Site

Abstract

The mechanism ofmagma transport at depth influences direction magma moves, the distance it travels before freezing, the degree to which it communicates chemically with the host rock, the form of surficial volcanism, and ultimately the growth of oceanic and continental crust. Commonly envisioned transport processes include porous flow in partially molten and deformable source rock, flow through fractures in elasticlbrittle rock, and diapiric ascent (typically of granites) through viscous rock. Of these, transport in fractures, or dikes, is the most efficient means of moving magma through cold lithosphere. Porous flow is an option only if there has been sufficient advection of heat to raise the rock temperature above the solidus (a possibility beneath Hawaii, for example). Although the sheet-like form of dikes is less advantageous thermally than the equidimensional form of diapirs, except for possibly the most viscous rhyolites, this is more than offset by the fact that transport rates depend upon the magma viscosity, rather than the host rock viscosity. Dike intrusion is also the transport mechanism that permits the most direct comparison between theory and observation. In part, this is because many dikes carry so little heat that magmatic and host rock structures produced during in­

Journal

Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences – Annual Reviews

Published: May 1, 1995

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