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Asynchrony in recruitment and survivorship in populations located within the potential range of dispersal generally facilitates metapopulation processes’ playing an important role in the demographic “rescue” of populations. Conversely, populations that are demographically synchronous over large geographic areas may be particularly vulnerable to the detrimental effects of habitat fragmentation because such synchrony is probably maintained largely by dispersal. To examine the potential generality of such processes, I investigated spatial autocorrelation in annual relative density of California land birds using data from the Breeding Bird Survey and the Christmas Bird Count. Of 88 species I examined using Breeding Bird Survey data, 87 (99%) exhibited no significant spatial autocorrelation at any distance category. Of 79 species I examined using Christmas Bird Count data, 66% exhibited no significant spatial autocorrelation. These results suggest that demographic processes are often asynchronous over relatively short geographical distances and thus that metapopulation processes may be significant for a large fraction of terrestrial bird species. No species during the breeding season, but a small proportion during the winter, were significantly spatially autocorrelated at all geographic scales up to the statewide level (500–1200 km). There was no significant relationship between spatial autocorrelation during the winter and either body size, clutch size, or diet, but migratory species were more spatially autocorrelated than resident species. Spatial autocorrelation in the winter was also related to breeding habitat preferences, with species inhabiting savanna and woodlands (especially oak woodlands) exhibiting lower spatial autocorrelation and those inhabiting subalpine forest exhibiting greater spatial autocorrelation than other species. Autocorrelación Espacial en Aves Terrestres de California La asincronia en el recrutamiento y supervivencia de poblaciones localizadas dentro del rango potencial de disperción, generalmente facilita procesos metapoblacionales que juegan un papel importante en el “rescate” demográfico de poblaciones. Contrariamente, poblaciones que son demográficamente sincrónicas en áreas geográficas extensas pudieran ser particularmente vulnerables a los efectos negativos de la fragmentación del hábitat, debido a que dicha sincronia es probablemente mantenida por la dispersión. Para examinar la generalidad potencial de este proceso, investigué la autocorrelación espacial en densidades anuales relativas de aves terrestres de California mediante el uso de muestreos de aves anidando y datos de conteos de aves en navidad. De las 88 especies examinadas utilizando muestreos de aves anidando, 87 (99%) no exhibieron autocorrelación espacial significativa para ninguna categoria de distancia. De 79 especies examinadas con conteos de aves en navidad, 66% no exhibió autocorrelación espacial significativa. Estos resultados sugieren que los procesos demográficos son frecuentemente asincrónicos dentro de distancias geográficas relativamente cortas y es por ello que los procesos metapoblacionales pueden ser significativos para una fracción de especies de aves terrestres. Durante la temporada de reproducción, ninguna especie estuvo autocorrelacionada espacialmente, sin embargo una poporción pepueña estuvo autocorrelacionada espacialmente durante el invierno a todas las escalas geográficas, incluyendo el nivel de rango estatal (500–1200 km). No existió relación significativa entre autocorrelación espacial durante el verano y el tamaño del cuerpo, el tamaño de nidada o la dieta; sin embargo, las especies migratorias estuvieron mas autocorrelacionadas que las especies residentes. La autocorrelación espacial en el verano estuvo también relacionada con las preferencias en hábitat para reproducción, con especies habitando la sabana y los bosques de madera (especialmente los de encino) que exhibieron menor autocorrelación espacial y aquellas especies habitantes de bosques subalpinos que exhibieron mayor autocorrelación espacial que las otras especies.
Conservation Biology – Wiley
Published: Jun 17, 1998
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