Access the full text.
Sign up today, get DeepDyve free for 14 days.
Loading next page...
/lp/american-psychological-association/stereotypes-and-terror-management-evidence-that-mortality-salience-SVOHYHByMS
References (105)
-
R. Wicklund (1997)
Terror Management Accounts of Other Theories: Questions for the Cultural Worldview ConceptPsychological Inquiry, 8
-
P. Wong, B. Weiner (1981)
When people ask "why" questions, and the heuristics of attributional search.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 40
-
PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE Research Article WHISTLING IN THE DARK: Exaggerated Consensus Estimates in Response to Incidental Reminders of Mortality -
E. Jones (1987)
Attribution: Perceiving the Causes of Behavior -
J. Dovidio, S. Gaertner (1998)
On the nature of contemporary prejudice: The causes, consequences, and challenges of aversive racism. -
J. Spence, R. Helmreich (1978)
Masculinity & femininity: Their psychological dimensions, correlates, and antecedents -
C. Stangor, M. Schaller (2000)
Stereotypes as individual and collective representations. -
C. Stangor, Thomas Ford (1992)
Accuracy and Expectancy-confirming Processing Orientations and the Development of Stereotypes and PrejudiceEuropean Review of Social Psychology, 3
-
L. Jussim, L. Coleman, L. Lerch (1987)
The nature of stereotypes: a comparison and integration of three theoriesJournal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52
-
D. Sears, J. Mcconahay (1973)
The politics of violence : the new urban Blacks and the Watts riot -
S. Bem (1974)
The measurement of psychological androgyny.Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 42 2
-
L. Simon, Jamie Arndt, J. Greenberg, T. Pyszczynski, S. Solomon (1998)
Terror management and meaning: evidence that the opportunity to defend the worldview in response to mortality salience increases the meaningfulness of life in the mildly depressed.Journal of personality, 66 3
-
P. Furfey, G. Myrdal, R. Sterner, A. Rose (1944)
An American Dilemma: The Negro Problem and Modern Democracy.American Sociological Review, 5
-
R. Hastie (1984)
Causes and effects of causal attributionJournal of Personality and Social Psychology, 46
-
Thomas Ford, C. Stangor (1992)
The role of diagnosticity in stereotype formation: perceiving group means and variances.Journal of personality and social psychology, 63 3
-
D. Rosenfield, J. Greenberg, R. Folger, Robert Borys (1982)
Effect of an Encounter with a Black Panhandler on Subsequent Helping for BlacksPersonality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 8
-
A. Kruglanski, D. Webster, Adena Klem (1993)
Motivated resistance and openness to persuasion in the presence or absence of prior information.Journal of personality and social psychology, 65 5
-
S. Wallace (1979)
The Denial of DeathWorkplace Health & Safety, 27
-
M. Rokeach, L. Mezei (1966)
Race and shared belief as factors in social choice.Science, 151 3707
-
C. Macrae, M. Hewstone, C. Stangor (1996)
Stereotypes and Stereotyping -
M. Kite, K. Deaux (1987)
Gender Belief Systems: Homosexuality and the Implicit Inversion TheoryPsychology of Women Quarterly, 11
-
T. Wills (1981)
Downward Comparison Principles in Social PsychologyPsychological Bulletin, 90
-
Linda Simon, J. Greenberg, E. Harmon-Jones, E. Harmon-Jones, S. Solomon, T. Pyszczynski, Jamie Arndt, Teresa Abend (1997)
Terror management and cognitive-experiential self-theory: evidence that terror management occurs in the experiential system.Journal of personality and social psychology, 72 5
-
M. Kofta, G. Weary, G. Sędek (1998)
Personal control in action : cognitive and motivational mechanisms -
J. Greenberg, T. Pyszczynski, S. Solomon, A. Rosenblatt, M. Veeder, S. Kirkland, Deborah Lyon (1990)
Evidence for terror management theory II: The effects of mortality salience on reactions to those who threaten or bolster the cultural worldview.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 58
-
M. Biernat (1991)
Gender stereotypes and the relationship between masculinity and femininity: a developmental analysis.Journal of personality and social psychology, 61 3
-
A. Rosenblatt, J. Greenberg, S. Solomon, T. Pyszczynski, Deborah Lyon (1989)
Evidence for terror management theory: I. The effects of mortality salience on reactions to those who violate or uphold cultural values.Journal of personality and social psychology, 57 4
-
M. Diehl, K. Jonas (1991)
Measures of national stereotypes as predictors of the latencies of inductive versus deductive stereotypic judgementsEuropean Journal of Social Psychology, 21
-
Steven Neuberg, J. Newsom (1993)
Personal Need for Structure: Individual Differences in the Desire for Simple StructureJournal of Personality and Social Psychology, 65
-
M. Snyder, P. Miene (1994)
On the functions of stereotypes and prejudice -
M. Schaller, Meredith O'Brien (1992)
"Intuitive Analysis of Covariance" and Group Stereotype FormationPersonality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 18
-
B. Schneider (1994)
[Truth and reality].Wiener medizinische Wochenschrift, 144 18-19
-
T. Pyszczynski, J. Greenberg (1981)
Role of disconfirmed expectancies in the instigation of attributional processing.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 40
-
L. Jackson, L. Sullivan (1989)
Cognition and affect in evaluations of stereotyped group members.The Journal of social psychology, 129 5
-
I. Katz (1981)
Stigma: A Social Psychological Analysis -
J. Tudorhart (1961)
On the nature of prejudice.The Eugenics review, 53 2
-
S. Solomon, J. Greenberg, T. Pyszczynski (1991)
A Terror Management Theory of Social Behavior: The Psychological Functions of Self-Esteem and Cultural WorldviewsAdvances in Experimental Social Psychology, 24
-
T. Pyszczynski, J. Greenberg, S. Solomon (1998)
A Terror Management Perspective on the Psychology of Control -
M. Schaller, Carrie Boyd, Jonathan Yohannes, Meredith O'Brien (1995)
The prejudiced personality revisited: Personal need for structure and formation of erroneous group stereotypes.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 68
-
L. Jackson, L. Sullivan, Carole Hodge (1993)
Stereotype effects of attributions, predictions, and evaluations: No two social judgments are quite alike.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 65
-
J. Fishman (1956)
An Examination of the Process and Function of Social StereotypingJournal of Social Psychology, 43
-
J. Greenberg, T. Pyszczynski, S. Solomon, Elizabeth Pinel, L. Simon, K. Jordan (1993)
Effects of Self-Esteem on Vulnerability-Denying Defensive Distortions: Further Evidence of an Anxiety-Buffering Function of Self-EsteemJournal of Experimental Social Psychology, 29
-
I. Katz, R. Hass (1988)
Racial ambivalence and American value conflict: Correlational and priming studies of dual cognitive structures.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 55
-
P. Devine, S. Baker (1991)
Measurement of Racial Stereotype SubtypingPersonality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 17
-
E. Harmon-Jones, J. Greenberg, S. Solomon, L. Simon (1996)
The effects of mortality salience on intergroup bias between minimal groupsEuropean Journal of Social Psychology, 26
-
J. Greenberg, S. Solomon, T. Pyszczynski, A. Rosenblatt, John Burling, Deborah Lyon, Linda Simon, Elizabeth Pinel (1992)
Why do people need self-esteem? Converging evidence that self-esteem serves an anxiety-buffering function.Journal of personality and social psychology, 63 6
-
D. Crowne, D. Marlowe (1960)
A new scale of social desirability independent of psychopathology.Journal of consulting psychology, 24
-
M. Billig, H. Tajfel (1973)
Social categorization and similarity in intergroup behaviourEuropean Journal of Social Psychology, 3
-
Margo Monteith (1993)
Self-regulation of prejudiced responses: Implications for progress in prejudice-reduction efforts.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 65
-
J. Greenberg, L. Simon, E. Harmon-Jones, S. Solomon, T. Pyszczynski, Deborah Lyon (1995)
Testing alternative explanations for mortality salience effects: Terror management, value accessibility, or worrisome thoughts?European Journal of Social Psychology, 25
-
D. Watson, L. Clark, A. Tellegen (1988)
Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: the PANAS scales.Journal of personality and social psychology, 54 6
-
M. Banton, G. Myrdal (1964)
An American Dilemma: The Negro Problem and Modern DemocracyBritish Journal of Sociology, 15
-
Daniel Katz (1955)
Handbook of Social Psychology.Psychological Bulletin
-
Steve Duck (1991)
Human Relationships -
D. Burgess, E. Borgida (1999)
Who women are, who women should be: Descriptive and Prescriptive Gender Stereotyping in Sex DiscriminationPsychology, Public Policy and Law, 5
-
J. Greenberg, Jamie Arndt, L. Simon, T. Pyszczynski, S. Solomon (2000)
Proximal and Distal Defenses in Response to Reminders of One’s Mortality: Evidence of a Temporal SequencePersonality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 26
-
J. Greenberg, S. Solomon, T. Pyszczynski (1997)
Terror Management Theory of Self-Esteem and Cultural Worldviews: Empirical Assessments and Conceptual RefinementsAdvances in Experimental Social Psychology, 29
-
S. Page, M. Yee (1986)
Conception of male and female homosexual stereotypes among university undergraduates.Journal of homosexuality, 12 1
-
B. Bettencourt, Karen Dill, Scott Greathouse, K. Charlton, Amy Mulholland (1997)
Evaluations of Ingroup and Outgroup Members: The Role of Category-Based Expectancy ViolationJournal of Experimental Social Psychology, 33
-
A. Eagly, M. Kite (1987)
Are stereotypes of nationalities applied to both women and menJournal of Personality and Social Psychology, 53
-
J. Greenberg, J. Porteus, L. Simon, T. Pyszczynski, S. Solomon (1995)
Evidence of a Terror Management Function of Cultural Icons: The Effects of Mortality Salience on the Inappropriate Use of Cherished Cultural SymbolsPersonality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 21
-
Tommy Vales (1994)
Straight out of BrooklynHumanity & Society, 18
-
J. Eberhardt, S. Fiske (1998)
Confronting Racism: The Problem and the Response -
E. Harmon-Jones, Linda Simon, J. Greenberg, T. Pyszczynski, S. Solomon, Holly Mcgregor (1997)
Terror management theory and self-esteem: evidence that increased self-esteem reduces mortality salience effects.Journal of personality and social psychology, 72 1
-
(1992)
Assessing the terror management analysis of self-esteem: Converging evidence of an anxiety-buffering function -
M. Zanna, J. Olson (1994)
The Psychology of prejudice -
M. Schaller (1992)
Sample size, aggregation, and statistical reasoning in social inference ☆Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 28
-
D. Byrne (1971)
The Attraction Paradigm -
M. Schaller (1994)
The role of statistical reasoning in the formation, preservation and prevention of group stereotypesBritish Journal of Social Psychology, 33
-
Anne Locksley, E. Borgida, N. Brekke, C. Hepburn (1980)
Sex stereotypes and social judgmentJournal of Personality and Social Psychology, 39
-
B. Six, T. Eckes (1991)
A closer look at the complex structure of gender stereotypesSex Roles, 24
-
S. Fein, S. Spencer (1997)
Prejudice as self-image maintenance: Affirming the self through derogating othersJournal of Personality and Social Psychology, 73
-
For personal use only--not for distribution. A Dual-Process Model of Defense Against Conscious and Unconscious Death-Related Thoughts An Extension of Terror Management Theory -
L. Jussim, Christopher Fleming, L. Coleman, Cortney Kohberger (1996)
The Nature of Stereotypes II: A Multiple‐Process Model of Evaluations1Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 26
-
P. Devine, A. Elliot (1995)
Are Racial Stereotypes Really Fading? The Princeton Trilogy RevisitedPersonality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 21
-
R. Helson (1979)
Masculinity and Femininity: Their Psychological Dimensions, Correlates, and AntecedentsPsychology of Women Quarterly, 4
-
(1969)
Prejudice and ethnic relations -
P. Oakes, J. Turner (1990)
Is Limited Information Processing Capacity the Cause of Social StereotypingEuropean Review of Social Psychology, 1
-
A. Eagly, A. Mladinic (1989)
Gender Stereotypes and Attitudes Toward Women and MenPersonality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 15
-
H. Tajfel, J. Turner (1979)
An integrative theory of intergroup conflict. -
(1990)
Anxiety and social exclusion -
M. Leary, E. Tambor, Sonja Terdal, Deborah Downs (1995)
Self-esteem as an interpersonal monitor: The sociometer hypothesis.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 68
-
Daniel Rose, P. Berger, T. Luckmann (1967)
The Social Construction of RealityThe Modern Language Journal, 51
-
L. Simon, J. Greenberg, Jamie Arndt, T. Pyszczynski, Russell Clement, S. Solomon (1997)
Perceived Consensus, Uniqueness, and Terror Management: Compensatory Responses to Threats to Inclusion and Distinctiveness Following Mortality SaliencePersonality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 23
-
J. Greenberg, T. Pyszczynski, S. Solomon (1986)
The Causes and Consequences of a Need for Self-Esteem: A Terror Management Theory -
P. Oakes, J. Turner (1980)
Social categorization and intergroup behaviour: Does minimal intergroup discrimination make social identity more positive?European Journal of Social Psychology, 10
-
Jamie Arndt, J. Greenberg, L. Simon, T. Pyszczynski, S. Solomon (1998)
Terror Management and Self-Awareness: Evidence that Mortality Salience Provokes Avoidance of the Self-Focused StatePersonality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 24
-
(1992)
Repressed self - consciousness of death and insensitivity to religious genocide -
J. Greenberg, T. Pyszczynski, S. Solomon, Linda Simon, M. Breus (1994)
Role of consciousness and accessibility of death-related thoughts in mortality salience effects.Journal of personality and social psychology, 67 4
-
J. Jost, M. Banaji (1994)
The role of stereotyping in system‐justification and the production of false consciousnessBritish Journal of Social Psychology, 33
-
D. Hamilton, T. Rose (1980)
Illusory correlation and the maintenance of stereotypic beliefs.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 39
-
(1994)
Depreciating of and distancing from foreigners: Effects of mortality -
H. Kelley (1987)
Attribution in social interaction. -
C. McCauley, C. Stitt, M. Segal (1980)
Stereotyping: From prejudice to prediction.Psychological Bulletin, 87
-
R. Hass, I. Katz, N. Rizzo, J. Bailey, Donna Eisenstadt (1991)
Cross-Racial Appraisal as Related to Attitude Ambivalence and Cognitive ComplexityPersonality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 17
-
William Austin, S. Worchel (1979)
The Social psychology of intergroup relations -
C. McCauley, C. Stitt (1978)
An individual and quantitative measure of stereotypes.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 36
-
J. Greenberg, L. Simon, T. Pyszczynski, S. Solomon, D. Chatel (1992)
Terror management and tolerance: does mortality salience always intensify negative reactions to others who threaten one's worldview?Journal of personality and social psychology, 63 2
-
H. Eysenck (1961)
The Open and Closed MindAmerican Journal of Psychiatry, 117
-
T. Pyszczynski, J. Greenberg, S. Solomon (1997)
Why Do We Need What We Need? A Terror Management Perspective on the Roots of Human Social MotivationPsychological Inquiry, 8
-
P. Devine (1989)
Stereotypes and prejudice: Their automatic and controlled components.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 56
-
W. Hippel, Denise Sekaquaptewa, Patrick Vargas (1997)
The Linguistic Intergroup Bias As an Implicit Indicator of PrejudiceJournal of Experimental Social Psychology, 33
-
(1971)
Ethnic stereotypes -
Jamie Arndt, J. Greenberg, T. Pyszczynski, S. Solomon (1997)
Subliminal Exposure to Death-Related Stimuli Increases Defense of the Cultural WorldviewPsychological Science, 8
-
L. Festinger (1954)
A Theory of Social Comparison ProcessesHuman Relations, 7
- Publisher
- American Psychological Association
- Copyright
- Copyright © 1999 American Psychological Association
- ISSN
- 0022-3514
- eISSN
- 1939-1315
- DOI
- 10.1037/0022-3514.77.5.905
- Publisher site
- See Article on Publisher Site
Abstract
If stereotypes function to protect people against death-related concerns, then mortality salience should increase stereotypic thinking and preferences for stereotype-confirming individuals. Study 1 demonstrated that mortality salience increased stereotyping of Germans. In Study 2, it increased participants' tendency to generate more explanations for stereotype-inconsistent than stereotype-consistent gender role behavior. In Study 3, mortality salience increased participants' liking for a stereotype-consistent African American and decreased their liking for a stereotype-inconsistent African American; control participants exhibited the opposite preference. Study 4 replicated this pattern with evaluations of stereotype-confirming or stereotype-disconfirming men and women. Study 5 showed that, among participants high in need for closure, mortality salience led to decreased liking for a stereotype-inconsistent gay man.
Journal
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology – American Psychological Association
Published: Nov 1, 1999