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The extraction of energy from the wind is an old idea, one used by sailing ships and windmills for many centuries. The development of ancient windmills was based on empiricism and engineering skill. The develop ment of the fluid mechanics, or more specifically the aerodynamics, of (wind turbines in modern· usage) is more recent. The study of the aerodynamics of wind turbines was begun after WorId War I by Betz ( 1926) and Glauert ( l935a) and got a new impulse after the "energy crisis" of 1973-74. Nowadays, it is a worldwide field of research, windmills stimulated and guided by national research programs in the US, Sweden, Denmark, The Netherlands, Great Britain, and many other countries. Scope of the Present Review A complete review of the aerodynamic aspects of wind-energy conversion should encompass the following: 1. The characteristics of the natural wind, such as annual wind-velocity distributions, wind shear, turbulence, gusts, effects of local terrain conditions, and siting. 2. The theory of wind-driven turbines, operating in a homogeneous and nonturbulent flow. 3. The influence of the natural wind (turbulence, wind shear) and turbine-induced irregularities (yawing misalignment, blade-tower in teraction) on turbine performance and blade loading. 0066-4189/83/011 5-0077$02.00 DE
Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics – Annual Reviews
Published: Jan 1, 1983
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