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© Freund & Pettman, U.K. , 12, 121-140 (2001) Karl-Heinz Braunewell and Denise Manahan-Vaughan Signal Transduction Research Group, Neuroscience Research Center of the Charite, Humboldt Universityand 2Synaptic Plasticity Research Group, Johannes Mueller Institute for Physiology, Humboldt University Medical Faculty (Charite), Berlin, Germany CONTENTS Synopsis 1. Introduction 2. Inducing LTD in the Hippocampus of Freely Moving Rats 3. Metaplasticity of LTD 4. Molecular Mechanisms of LTD - Comparison with LTP 4.1. Neurotransmitter receptors: Inducing and modulating synaptic plasticity 4.2 Pre- and postsynaptic signalling pathways 4.2.1 Presynaptic neurotransmitter receptors and retrograde signalling mechanisms 4.2.2 NMDA receptor coupled postsynaptic signalling pathways 4.2.3 mGluR coupled signalling pathways 4.2.4 Complexity and cross-talk of pathways leading to phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of receptors and channels 4.3 4.4 Maintenance of LTD: Late phase and gene expression LTD is more than the reverse mechanism of LTP: Insights from knockout studies 5. LTD and Learning 6. Perspectives: LTD as a Memory Shaping Mechanism References Accepted: 20 September, 2000 Reprint address: Dr. D. Manahan-Vaughan Synaptic Plasticity Research Group Johannes Mueller Institute for Physiology Humboldt University Medical Faculty (Charite) Tucholskystr. 2 D-10117 Berlin, Germany e-mail: denise.manahan-vaughan@charite.de SYNOPSIS Long-term depression (LTD) comprises a persistent activity-dependent reduction in synaptic efficacy which typically
Reviews in the Neurosciences – de Gruyter
Published: Apr 1, 2001
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