Access the full text.
Sign up today, get DeepDyve free for 14 days.
D. Ellsworth, P. Reich (1996)
Photosynthesis and leaf nitrogen in five Amazonian tree species during early secondary successionEcology, 77
DeJong (1989)
Partitioning of leaf nitrogen with respect to within canopy light exposure and nitrogen availability in peach (Prunus persica).Trees, 12
J. Oleksyn, M. Tjoelker, G. Lorenc-Plucińska, A. Konwinska, R. Żytkowiak, P. Karolewski, P. Reich (1997)
Needle CO2 exchange, structure and defense traits in relation to needle age in Pinus heldreichii Christ – a relict of Tertiary floraTrees, 12
D. Epron, D. Godard, G. Cornic, B. Genty (1995)
Limitation of net CO2 assimilation rate by internal resistances to CO2 transfer in the leaves of two tree species (Fagus sylvatica L. and Castanea sativa Mill.)Plant Cell and Environment, 18
M. Abrams, M. Kubiske, Scott Mostoller (1994)
Relating Wet and Dry Year Ecophysiology to Leaf Structure in Contrasting Temperate Tree SpeciesEcology, 75
P. Reich, M. Walters, D. Ellsworth (1991)
Leaf age and season influence the relationships between leaf nitrogen, leaf mass per area and photosynthesis in maple and oak treesPlant Cell and Environment, 14
G. Collatz, J. Ball, C. Grivet, J. Berry (1991)
Physiological and environmental regulation of stomatal conductance, photosynthesis and transpiration: a model that includes a laminar boundary layerAgricultural and Forest Meteorology, 54
D. Summer, C. Raguse, K. Taggard (1972)
Effects of Varying Root/Shoot Temperatures on Early Growth of Subterranean Clover 1Crop Science, 12
Reich Reich, Uhl Uhl, Walters Walters, Ellsworth Ellsworth (1991)
Leaf lifespan as a determinant of leaf structure and function among 23 tree species in Amazonian forest communities.Oecologia, 12
Yoshie Yoshie (1986)
Intercellular CO 2 concentration and water‐use efficiency of temperate plants with different life‐forms and from different microhabitats.Oecologia, 12
R. Sage, R. Pearcy (1987)
The Nitrogen Use Efficiency of C(3) and C(4) Plants: II. Leaf Nitrogen Effects on the Gas Exchange Characteristics of Chenopodium album (L.) and Amaranthus retroflexus (L.).Plant physiology, 84 3
P. Reich, M. Walters, D. Ellsworth (1992)
Leaf Life‐Span in Relation to Leaf, Plant, and Stand Characteristics among Diverse EcosystemsEcological Monographs, 62
Reich Reich, Walters Walters, Ellsworth Ellsworth, Uhl Uhl (1994)
Photosynthesis–nitrogen relations in Amazonian tree species. I. Patterns among species and communities.Oecologia, 12
F. Woodward, T. Smith (1995)
Predictions and Measurements of the Maximum Photosynthetic Rate, Amax, at the Global Scale
Vitousek Vitousek, Field Field, Matson Matson (1990)
Variation in foliar δ 13 C in Hawaiian Metrosideros polymorpha : a case of internal resistance?Oecologia, 12
D. Ellsworth, P. Reich (1992)
Leaf mass per area, nitrogen content and photosynthetic carbon gain in Acer saccharum seedlings in contrasting forest light environmentsFunctional Ecology, 6
P. Reich, M. Walters, D. Ellsworth (1997)
From tropics to tundra: global convergence in plant functioning.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 94 25
E. Garnier, G. Laurent (1994)
Leaf anatomy, specific mass and water content in congeneric annual and perennial grass speciesNew Phytologist, 128
D. Parkhurst (1994)
Diffusion of CO2 and other gases inside leaves.The New phytologist, 126 3
P. Reich (1993)
Reconciling apparent discrepancies among studies relating life span, structure and function of leaves in contrasting plant life forms and climates: the blind men and the elephant retold'Functional Ecology, 7
P. Reich, D. Ellsworth, M. Walters, J. Vose, C. Gresham, J. Volin, W. Bowman (1999)
Generality of leaf trait relationships: a test across six biomes: Ecology
T. Givnish (1988)
On the economy of plant form and function.
J. Oleksyn, J. Modrzyński, M. Tjoelker, R. Z·ytkowiak, P. Reich, P. Karolewski (1998)
Growth and physiology of Picea abies populations from elevational transects: common garden evidence for altitudinal ecotypes and cold adaptationFunctional Ecology, 12
M. Navas (1998)
Individual species performance and response of multi‐specific communities to elevated CO2: a reviewFunctional Ecology, 12
Mooney Mooney, Field Field, Gulmon Gulmon, Bazzaz Bazzaz (1981)
Photosynthetic capacity in relation to leaf position in desert versus old‐field annuals.Oecologia, 12
Evans (1989)
Photosynthesis and nitrogen relationships in leaves of C3 plants.Oecologia, 12
J. Lloyd, J. Syvertsen, P. Kriedemann, G. Farquhar (1992)
Low conductances for CO2 diffusion from stomata to the sites of carboxylation in leaves of woody speciesPlant Cell and Environment, 15
Reich Reich, Oleksyn Oleksyn, Tjoelker Tjoelker (1994)
Relationships between aluminum, calcium and net carbon dioxide exchange among diverse Scots pine provenances under pollution stress in Poland.Oecologia, 12
M. El-Sharkawy, J. Hesketh (1965)
Photosynthesis among Species in Relation to Characteristics of Leaf Anatomy and CO2 Diffusion Resistance1Crop Science, 5
P. Reich, M. Walters, D. Ellsworth, J. Vose, J. Volin, C. Gresham, W. Bowman (1998)
Relationships of leaf dark respiration to leaf nitrogen, specific leaf area and leaf life-span: a test across biomes and functional groupsOecologia, 114
Reich Reich, Walters Walters (1994)
Photosynthesis–nitrogen relations in Amazonian tree species. II. Variation in nitrogen vis‐a‐vis specific leaf area influences mass and area‐based expressions.Oecologia, 12
Reich Reich, Kloeppel Kloeppel, Ellsworth Ellsworth, Walters Walters (1995)
Different photosynthesis–nitrogen relations in evergreen conifers and deciduous hardwood tree species.Oecologia, 12
Wullschleger Wullschleger (1993)
Biochemical limitations to carbon assimilation in C 3 plants: a retrospective analysis.Journal of Experimental Botany, 12
Field (1983)
Leaf age and seasonal effects on light, water, and nitrogen use efficiency in a California shrub.Oecologia, 12
Reich Reich, Walters Walters, Ellsworth Ellsworth, Vose Vose, Volin Volin, Gresham Gresham, Bowman Bowman (1998)
Relationships of leaf dark respiration to leaf N, SLA, and life‐span: a test across biomes and functional groups.Oecologia, 12
I. Terashima, K. Hikosaka (1995)
Comparative ecophysiology of leaf and canopy photosynthesisPlant Cell and Environment, 18
S. Wullschleger (1993)
Biochemical Limitations to Carbon Assimilation in C3 Plants—A Retrospective Analysis of the A/Ci Curves from 109 SpeciesJournal of Experimental Botany, 44
J. Melillo, A. McGuire, D. Kicklighter, B. Moore, C. Vorosmarty, A. Schloss (1993)
Global climate change and terrestrial net primary productionNature, 363
Field (1983)
Compromises between water-use efficiency and nitrogen-use efficiency in five species of California evergreens.Oecologia, 12
Ellsworth (1993)
Canopy structure and vertical patterns of photosynthesis and related leaf traits in a deciduous forest.Oecologia, 12
Marshall Marshall, Dawson Dawson, Ehleringer Ehleringer (1994)
Integrated nitrogen, carbon, and water relations of a xylem‐tapping mistletoe following nitrogen fertilization of the host.Oecologia, 12
Chazdon (1987)
Determinants of photosynthetic capacity in six rainforest Piper species.Oecologia, 12
1. Net photosynthetic capacity (Amax, defined as light‐saturated net photosynthesis under near optimal ambient environmental conditions) of mature leaves often depends on the level of leaf nitrogen (N), but an assortment of relationships between these variables has been observed in studies of diverse plant species. Variation in leaf structure has been identified as an important factor associated with differences between the area‐ and mass‐based expressions of the Amax–N relationship. In this paper we test the hypothesis that leaf structure, quantified using a measure of leaf area displayed per unit dry mass invested (specific leaf area (SLA)), is more than just a conversion factor, but itself can influence Amax–N relationships. We test this using several kinds of comparisons, based on field data for 107 species from sites representing six biomes and on literature data for 162 species from an equally diverse set of biomes. 2. Species and genera with thicker and/or denser leaves (lower SLA) consistently have flatter slopes of the Amax–N (mass‐based) relationship than those with higher SLA. These and all other contrasts usually applied as well using area‐based expressions, although such relationships were less consistent and weaker overall. A steeper slope indicates greater incremental change in Amax per unit variation in N. 3. Functional groups (e.g. needle‐leafed evergreen trees, broad‐leafed trees or shrubs, forbs) show the same patterns: groups with lower SLA have lower Amax–N slopes. Functional groups differ in mean leaf traits as well as in Amax–N relationships. Forbs have the highest SLA and mass‐based N and Amax, followed by deciduous species (whether needle‐leafed or broad‐leafed, shrub or tree), with lowest values in evergreen species (again regardless of leaf type or functional group). 4. Interspecific variation in mass‐based Amax is highly significantly related to the combination of leaf N and SLA (r2 = 0·86). At any value of leaf N, Amax increases with increasing SLA and at any value of SLA, Amax increases with increasing leaf N. Because this relationship, between Amax and the combination of N and SLA, is similar in two independent data sets, and as well, across broad taxonomic and geographic gradients, we hypothesize that it is universal in nature. Therefore, for broad interspecific contrasts among dicotyledons in any biome, we can reasonably well predict Amax based on the combination of SLA and leaf N. These findings have important implications for convergent evolution of leaf adaptation and great potential utility in models of global vegetation functioning.
Functional Ecology – Wiley
Published: Dec 1, 1998
Read and print from thousands of top scholarly journals.
Already have an account? Log in
Bookmark this article. You can see your Bookmarks on your DeepDyve Library.
To save an article, log in first, or sign up for a DeepDyve account if you don’t already have one.
Copy and paste the desired citation format or use the link below to download a file formatted for EndNote
Access the full text.
Sign up today, get DeepDyve free for 14 days.
All DeepDyve websites use cookies to improve your online experience. They were placed on your computer when you launched this website. You can change your cookie settings through your browser.