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B.C. Melancon
Letter from the AICPA President: the CPA vision project
R. Colson
In the interest of the investor: an interview with Lynn Turner
K. Rankin
Cognitor, new POB charter headline AICPA conference
R. Elliott (2000)
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AICPA
The Cognitor Concept: Turning Knowledge into Value
K. Kaunda (1971)
A path for the future
A. Abbott
The System of Professions
R.J. Huefner
The XYZ Certification: an early analysis
K. Macdonald, G. Ritzer (1988)
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AccountingWeb
BDO Seidman contacts AICPA members re global credential
J.L. Jr Craig
AICPA Chairman for the new millennium: an interview with Robert K. Elliott
Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)
Fact sheet: the commission's proposal to modernize the rules governing the independence of the accounting profession
J.A. Woehlke
AICPA council approves internet portal
J.D. Glater
Risking ridicule, some accountants talk of becoming ‘cognitors’
R.M. Nowicki
Is the XYZ really your vision?
E. Freidson (2001)
Professionalism: The Third Logic
John Dowling, J. Pfeffer (1975)
Organizational LegitimacySociological Perspectives, 18
M. Power (1997)
Expertise and the construction of relevance: Accountants and environmental auditAccounting Organizations and Society, 22
J. Weil, J. Emshwiller, S.J. Paltrow
Audit nightmare: Arthur Andersen says it disposed of documents that related to Enron
M. Klein
PwC joins opposition to XYZ global credential
AICPA
Professional Standards: Volumes 1 and 2
T. Parsons (1961)
Structure and Process in Modern Societies
ElectronicAccountant
AICPA: XYZ designation is ‘inevitable’
P. Sikka, H. Willmott (1997)
PRACTISING CRITICAL ACCOUNTINGCritical Perspectives on Accounting, 8
E.J. Kliegman
XYZ is good PR but bad for profession
H.W. Wolosky
Editor's note: a watershed event
J. Broadbent, R. Laughlin (1998)
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M. Power (2000)
The audit implosion: regulating risk from the inside
R. Mano
First CPA2Biz, now XYZ: what is next for AICPA?
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Somebody must go
Y. Gendron, M. Barrett (2004)
Professionalization in Action: Accountants' Attempt at Building a Network of Support for the Webtrust Seal of AssuranceAccounting Educator: Courses
C. Derber, W.A. Schwartz
New mandarins or new proletariat? Professional power at work
J. Dismukes
XYZ forums wrap up, New York members still opposed
S. Walker (2004)
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E. Freidson
Professional Dominance
M. Power (1996)
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Rachel Kahn-Hut, M. Larson (1979)
THE RISE OF PROFESSIONALISMPediatrics
L. Grumet
Reading the writing on the wall: CPA2Biz? Why?
AICPA
AICPA members vote down bylaw amendment
J.L. Jr Craig
Moving the AICPA into the new millennium: an interview with Barry C. Melancon
Y. Gendron, R. Suddaby (2004)
CAP Forum on Enron: Professional Insecurity and the Erosion of Accountancy's Jurisdictional Boundaries*Accounting Perspectives, 3
R.T. Van Brunt, R.B. Steinberg
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R. Greenwood, R. Suddaby, C. Hinings (2002)
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T. Johnson (1972)
Professions and Power
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Kentucky Board (2002)
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Marcia Annisette (2000)
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H.W. Wolosky
Editor's note: missed the boat
M. Covaleski, M. Dirsmith, Larry Rittenberg (2003)
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M. Rosenberg
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J. Isles (2001)
Stepping through the portalPower engineering international, 9
J.M. Palmer
Commentary: the proposed international professional designation
L. Somerville
CPAs, attorneys question need for new credential
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AICPA report sets credentials debate
T. Parsons (1939)
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E.J. Kliegman
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Y. Dezalay (1991)
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AICPA
The XYZ global business credential: a brief summary
D.M. Katz
Troubled times at the AICPA
J.A. Woehlke
Council increases AICPA dues, reviews game plan: will take up governance issues in the fall
NYSSCPA
A letter to New York CPAs: save the CPA, vote ‘no’
J. Dismukes, J. Woehlke
AICPA Council defeats NYSSCPA resolution to terminate global credential
B.C. Melancon
Letter from the AICPA President: vision project update
B.C. Melancon
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R. Telberg
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Kevin Leicht, M. Fennell (2001)
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California Society of CPAs (CSCPA)
XYZ: a great debate
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Professionalization and Intraprofessional Competition in the Canadian Accounting ProfessionWork and Occupations, 14
J. Jenkins (1999)
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M.K. Hansen
A new credential
ICPAS
XYZ: Action of the ICPAS Board of Directors
L. Grumet
Peeling away the layers of CPA2Biz
L.S. Pethley, R.I. Fremgen
XYZ: two credentials for one profession? A case of double vision
Partner's Report
XYZ: amorphous brand or value enhancer? You decide
M. Rosedale
Is the AICPA's vision prehistoric?
P. Sikka, H. Willmott (1995)
The power of "independence": defending and extending the jurisdiction of accounting in the United KingdomAccounting Organizations and Society, 20
Y. Dezalay (1995)
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B. Toffler, J. Reingold (2003)
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C. Rosso
Reaching critical mass: grassroots campaign stirs up debate on AICPA's proposed global credential
Nolen Rs (2003)
A profession at the crossroadsJavma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association, 222
E. Mason
Short shots: http://www.melancon.bucks
R.K. Elliott
Assurance services opportunities: implications for academia
Y. Gendron, R. Suddaby (2004)
Professional Insecurity, Accountant Identity and the Erosion of Accountancy's Jurisdictional Boundaries
General Accounting Office of the United States (GAO)
The Accounting Profession – Major Issues: Progress and Concerns
NYSSCPA
XYZ has a new name
B.C. Melancon
Letter from the AICPA President: a new initiative for accreditations
J. Broadbent, K. Jacobs, R. Laughlin (2001)
Organisational resistance strategies to unwanted accounting and finance changes: the case of general medical practice in the UKAccounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal, 14
M. Power (1997)
The audit society : rituals of verificationOUP Catalogue
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L. Grumet
Global credential and the law of unintended consequences
J.M. Palmer
Commentary: the AICPA portal
Dawn Esposito, S. Aronowitz, Lynn Chancer, William DiFazio, M. Yard (1998)
THE (IN) SPECTRE RETURNS! GLOBAL CAPITALISM AND THE FUTURE OF WORKCritical Perspectives on Accounting, 9
Barry Melancon (1998)
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A. Hopwood (1990)
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S. Albert, D.A. Whetten
Organizational identity
Y. Gendron, R. Suddaby
Professional insecurity and the erosion of accountancy's jurisdictional boundaries
AICPA
Special report: the global business credential
S. Walker, K. Shackleton (1998)
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NYSSCPA
Cognitor is not the answer
P.B. Miller, P.R. Bahnson
12 reasons to change things at the top level of the AICPA
M. Weber
Economy and Society
Mark Suchman (1995)
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L. Grumet
A global professional credential – by whatever name – is no quick fix
Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)
Fact sheet: the modernization of the rules governing the independence of the accounting profession
F. Anderson-Gough, C. Grey, K. Robson (2001)
Tests of time: organizational time-reckoning and the making of accountants in two multi-national accounting firmsAccounting Organizations and Society, 26
T. Johnson
Review of Abbott
P. Demery
AICPA: racing for a new identity before it's too late
D. Henry, M. McNamee
Bloodied and bowed: CPAs are trying to salvage some political clout. But they can't even rally behind their chief trade group
D. Cho
Melancon explains proposed credential at chapter meeting
K. Robson, D. Cooper (1990)
Understanding the Development of the Accountancy Profession in the United Kingdom
NYSSCPA
CPAdirectory.com opposes Cognitor
NYSSCPA
NYSSCPA Board Resolution
AccountingWeb
Scots and Irish pull out of global qualification scheme
A.G. Hopwood
Ambiguity, knowledge and territorial claims: some observations on the doctrine of substance over form
D. Citron (2003)
The UK’s framework approach to auditor independence and the commercialization of the accounting professionAccounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal, 16
PricewaterhouseCoopers (PwC)
Memo to PwC members of the AICPA Council
AICPA
Overview of Assurance Services
M. Akrich, M. Callon, B. Latour, A. Monaghan (2002)
The Key To Success In Innovation Part Ii: The Art Of Choosing Good SpokespersonsInternational Journal of Innovation Management, 06
R. Elliott (2001)
A Perspective on the Proposed Global Professional CredentialAccounting Horizons, 15
Robert Rouse (2000)
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M. Burrage, K. Jarausch, H. Siegrist
An actor‐based framework for the study of the professions
W. Chua, Chris Poullaos (1998)
The dynamics of "closure" amidst the construction of market, profession, empire and nationhood: An historical analysis of an Australian accounting association, 1886-1903Accounting Organizations and Society, 23
Y. Gendron (2002)
On the role of the organization in auditors’ client-acceptance decisionsAccounting Organizations and Society, 27
ElectronicAccountant
Texas Society weighs in against global credential
L. Grumet
A membership at the crossroads of disenfranchisement
NYSSCPA
Cognitor lambasted by radio/TV personality
M. Klein
Nebraska Society, BDO Seidman veto global credential
L. Grumet
Brilliant vision, but the wrong galaxy
Liisa Kurunmäki (2004)
A hybrid profession—the acquisition of management accounting expertise by medical professionalsAccounting Organizations and Society, 29
NYSSCPA
Speech given by NYSSCPA President opposing global credential
E. Freidson (1994)
Professionalism Reborn: Theory, Prophecy and Policy
S. Velayutham, A. Rahman (2000)
Towards market differentiation in the accounting profession: The case of Australia and New ZealandCritical Perspectives on Accounting, 11
P.B. Miller, P.R. Bahnson
Make that 14 reasons to change the tone at the top of the AICPA
AccountingWeb
Brits pull out of global qualification scheme
Apostoles Ballas (1998)
The creation of the auditing profession in GreeceAccounting Organizations and Society, 23
F. Anderson‐Gough, C. Grey, K. Robson
Making Up Accountants
Purpose – The American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA) recently proposed a global consulting credential involving a diverse set of professions including accountancy, business law, and information technology. The proposal was widely debated in the professional literature, and was a divisive issue among CPAs. In late 2001, the AICPA membership voted against any further commitment to the credential. The purpose of this paper is to examine the global credential initiative in an effort to understand why professional jurisdictional claims may fail at the theorization stage. Design/methodology/approach – The paper relies primarily on a qualitative review and analysis of archival materials and published articles and commentaries relating to the global credential project. Findings – The analysis indicates that the AICPA failed to establish either the pragmatic or moral legitimacy of the proposed credential in the eyes of the audiences. This failure appears to be attributable to the sociopolitical environment in which the credential was promoted, and to flaws in the rhetoric used by the AICPA to articulate its jurisdictional claim. Research limitations/implications – The paper demonstrates the importance of legitimacy to the ability to successfully theorize institutional changes. Originality/value – This paper investigates how the AICPA theorized the global credential knowledge claim, and how theorization failed to persuade the audiences to support the credential.
Accounting Auditing & Accountability Journal – Emerald Publishing
Published: Aug 1, 2005
Keywords: Accounting; Professional associations; Organizational change
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