Access the full text.
Sign up today, get DeepDyve free for 14 days.
V. Starr, A. Oort (1973)
Five-Year Climatic Trend for the Northern HemisphereNature, 242
Keräinen Keräinen (1952)
On temperature changes in Finland during the last hundred yearsFennia, 75
A. Booth, V. Taylor (1969)
meso-scale archive and computer products of digitized video data from ESSA satellitesBulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 50
K. Lambeck (1980)
The Earth's Variable Rotation: Bibliography
H. Ahlmann (1948)
The Present Climatic FluctuationThe Geographical Journal, 112
P. Wadhams (1981)
The Ice Cover in the Greenland and Norwegian Seas (Paper 1R0463)
H. Landsberg, B. Groveman, I. Hakkarinen (1978)
A simple method for approximating the annual temperature of the northern hemisphereGeophysical Research Letters, 5
R. Yamamoto, M. Hoshiai (1980)
Fluctuations of the Northern Hemisphere Mean Surface Air Temperature during Recent 100Years, Estimated by Optimum InterpolationJournal of the Meteorological Society of Japan, 58
Defant Defant (1924)
The strengthening of the atmosphere circulation over the North Atlantic Ocean in the 25‐year period 1881–1905 (in German)Geogr. Ann., 6
M. Schlesinger (1984)
Climate Model Simulations of CO2-Induced Climatic ChangeAdvances in Geophysics, 26
Barnett (1985)
Long-term climate change in observed physical properties of the oceans, 0235
L. Hingane, K. Kumar, B. Murty (1985)
Long‐term trends of surface air temperature in indiaInternational Journal of Climatology, 5
J. Angell, J. Korshover (1978)
Recent Rocketsonde-Derived Temperature Variations in the Western HemisphereJournal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 35
R. Flint (1971)
Glacial and Quaternary geology
D. Parker (1985)
On the detection of temperature changes induced by increasing atmospheric carbon dioxideQuarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, 111
S. Raper, T. Wigley, P. Jones, P. Kelly, P. Mayes, D.W.S. Limbert (1983)
Recent temperature changes in the Arctic and AntarcticNature, 306
G. Boer, K. Higuchi (1980)
A Study of Climatic VariabilityMonthly Weather Review, 108
N. Mörner (1984)
Climatic Changes on a Yearly to Millennial Basis. Concluding Remarks
D. Baker (1975)
Effect of Observation Time on Mean Temperature EstimationJournal of Applied Meteorology, 14
Hyndman Hyndman, Everett Everett (1968)
Heat flow measurements in a low radioactivity area of the western Australian pre‐Cambrian shieldGeophys. J. R. Astron. Soc., 14
B. Ratner (1962)
CLIMATOLOGICAL EFFECT OF CHANGEOVER TO HYGROTHERMOMETERMonthly Weather Review, 90
Matthes Matthes (1946)
Report of committee on glaciers, 1945Eos Trans. AGU, 27
Siran Siran (1961)
Pine at the timberline as an indicator of climatic fluctuations in northern Fennoscandia in historic times (in Swedish)Commun. Inst. For. Fenn., 54
B. Gutenberg (1941)
Changes in sea level, postglacial uplift, and mobility of the earth's interiorGeological Society of America Bulletin, 52
Volkov Volkov, Zakharov Zakharov (1977)
Evolution of the ice cover in the Arctic as related to climatic changes (in Russian)Meteorol. Gidrol., 7
W. Elliott, R. Reed (1984)
A climatological estimate of precipitation for the world ocean, 23
S. Manabe, R. Wetherald, R. Stouffer (1981)
Summer dryness due to an increase of atmospheric CO2 concentrationClimatic Change, 3
Munk Munk, Revelle Revelle (1955)
Evidence from the rotation of the earthExtrait Ann. Geophys., 11
Dansgaard Dansgaard, Johnsen Johnsen, Clausen Clausen, Gundestrup Gundestrup (1973)
Stable isotope glaciologyMedd. Groenl., 197
Vize Vize (1926)
The state of the ice in the Barents and Kara Seas in 1925 and comparison with the predicted state (in Russian)Izv. Tsentr. Gidrometeorol. Byuro, 6
H. Lamb (1965)
The early medieval warm epoch and its sequelPalaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 1
L. Chiu (1983)
Variation of Antarctic Sea Ice: An UpdateMonthly Weather Review, 111
Munk Munk, Revelle Revelle (1952)
On the geophysical interpretation of irregularities in the rotation of the earthMort. Not. R. Astron. Soc., Geophys. Suppl., 6
G. Mcnally (1981)
Satellite‐tracked drift buoy observations of the near‐surface flow in the eastern mid‐latitude North PacificJournal of Geophysical Research, 86
R. Yamamoto, M. Hoshiai (1979)
Recent Change of the Northern Hemisphere Mean Surface Air Temperature Estimated by Optimum InterpolationMonthly Weather Review, 107
R. Fairbridge (1961)
Eustatic changes in sea levelPhysics and Chemistry of The Earth, 4
P. Jones, S. Raper, B. Santer, B. Cherry, C. Goodess, P. Kelly, T. Wigley, R. Bradley, H. Diaz (1985)
A Grid Point Surface Air Temperature Data Set for the Northern Hemisphere
D. Donovan, E. Jones (1979)
Causes of world-wide changes in sea levelJournal of the Geological Society, 136
H. Lamb (1973)
Climatic change and foresight in agriculture: the possibilities of long-term weather adviceOutlook on Agriculture, 7
K. Labitzke, B. Naujokat (1983)
On the variability and on trends of the temperature in the middle stratosphere, 56
A. Douglas, D. Cayan, J. Namias (1982)
Large-Scale Changes in North Pacific and North American Weather Patterns in Recent DecadesMonthly Weather Review, 110
J. Foster, A. Rango (1982)
Snow cover conditions in the northern Hemisphere during the winter of 1981International Journal of Climatology, 2
J. Oerlemans (1982)
RESPONSE' OF THE ANTARCTIC ICE" SHEET TO A CLIMATIC WARMING,: A MODEL STUDYInternational Journal of Climatology, 2
R. Koerner (1973)
The Mass Balance of the Sea Ice of the Arctic OceanJournal of Glaciology, 12
V. Dobromyslov, V. Maslennikov (1981)
Interannual and long‐period variations of ice distribution in the Atlantic sector of the AntarcticPolar Geography, 5
Peppler Peppler (1936)
Are we facing the beginning of a continental climate epoch?Wetter, 53
K. Dewey, R. Heim (1982)
A Digital Archive of Northern Hemisphere Snow Cover, November 1966 through December 1980Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 63
M. Budyko (1969)
The effect of solar radiation variations on the climate of the EarthTellus A, 21
H. Dool, H. Krijnen, C. Schuurmans (1978)
Average winter temperatures at De Bilt (the Netherlands): 1634–1977Climatic Change, 1
Wallén Wallén (1916)
Om langvariga klimatändringar och kä llorna till deras utforskandePop Naturvetensk. Rev. (Stockholm)
Bloom (1971)
Glacial-eustatic and isostatic controls of sea level since the last glaciation
W. Ruddiman, A. Mcintyre (1981)
The North Atlantic Ocean during the last deglaciationPalaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 35
H. Lamb, A. Johnson (1961)
Climatic Variation and Observed Changes in the General CirculationGeografiska Annaler, 43
R. Lyttleton (1983)
The Earth and its mountainsNature, 305
Zwally Zwally, Parkinson Parkinson, Comiso Comiso (1983)
Variability of Antarctic sea ice and CO 2 changeScience, 220
G. Paltridge, S. Woodruff (1981)
Changes in Global Surface Temperature From 1880 to 1977 Derived From Historical Records of Sea Surface TemperatureMonthly Weather Review, 109
H. Lamb (1966)
Climate in the 1960's: Changes in the World's Wind Circulation, Reflected in Prevailing Temperatures, Rainfall Patterns and the Levels of the African LakesThe Geographical Journal, 132
Lysgaard Lysgaard (1937)
Changes of climate in Denmark since 1800 (in German)Meteorol. Z., 54
T. Crowley (1983)
The geologic record of climatic changeReviews of Geophysics, 21
G. Kukla, J. Gavin (1981)
Summer Ice and Carbon DioxideScience, 214
Vinnikov Vinnikov, Lugina Lugina (1982)
Some problems of monitoring the global thermal regime of the northern hemisphere (in Russian)Meteorol. Gidrol., 11
G. Manley (1974)
Central England temperatures: Monthly means 1659 to 1973Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, 100
Koch Koch (1945)
The east Greenland iceMedd. Groenl., 130
T. Karlstrom (1961)
THE GLACIAL HISTORY OF ALASKA: ITS BEARING ON PALEOCLIMATIC THEORY *Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 95
C. Folland, F. Kates (1984)
Changes in decadally averaged sea surface temperature over the world 1861-1980
E. Kraus (1963)
Recent changes of east‐coast rainfall regimesQuarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, 89
P. Brewer, W. Broecker, W. Jenkins, P. Rhines, C. Rooth, J. Swift, T. Takahashi, R. Williams (1983)
A Climatic Freshening of the Deep Atlantic North of 50�N over the Past 20 YearsScience, 222
W. Munk, R. Revelle (1952)
ON THE GEOPHYSICAL INTERPRETATION OF IRREGULARITIES IN THE ROTATION OF THE EARTHGeophysical Journal International, 6
Budd (1977)
Isotopes, climate and ice sheet dynamics from case studies on Law Dome, AntarcticaIAHS-AISH Publ., 118
G. Manley (1946)
Temperature trend in lancashire, 175–1945Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, 72
Damon Damon, Kunen Kunen (1976)
Global cooling?Science, 193
Jones Jones, Raper Raper, Bradley Bradley, Diaz Diaz, Kelly Kelly, Wigley Wigley (1986)
Northern hemisphere surface air temperature variations 1851–1984J. Clim. Appl. Meteorol., 25
C. Ramage (1984)
Can Shipboard Measurements Reveal Secular Changes in Tropical Air–Sea Heat Flux?, 23
Rubinshtein Rubinshtein (1946)
Concerning the problem of the variation of climateTr. Nauchno Issled. Uchrezhd. Gl. Upr. Gidrometeorol. Slyzhby Pri Sovete Min. SSR, Ser. 1, Meteorol, 22
M. Matson, D. Wiesnet (1981)
New data base for climate studiesNature, 289
L. Chiu, R. Newell (1983)
Variations of zonal mean sea surface temperature and large‐scale air‐sea interactionQuarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, 109
R. Madden, Jill Williams (1978)
The Correlation between Temperature and Precipitation in the United States and EuropeMonthly Weather Review, 106
Sidorenkov Sidorenkov (1982)
The variable rotation of the earth and the motion of the poles (in Russian)Priroda, 4
Gruza Gruza, Apasova Apasova (1981)
Climatic variability in the monthly sums of precipitation in the northern hemisphere (in Russian)Meteorol. Gidrol., 5
J. Walsh (1983)
The role of sea ice in climatic variability: Theories and evidence 1Atmosphere-ocean, 21
J. Angell (1981)
Comparison of Variations in Atmospheric Quantities with Sea Surface Temperature Variations in the Equatorial Eastern PacificMonthly Weather Review, 109
N. Mörner, B. Wallin (1977)
A 10,000-year temperature record from Gotland, SwedenPalaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 21
Vinnikov Vinnikov, Groisman Groisman (1981)
An empirical analysis of the influence of CO 2 on contemporary variations in annual average surface air temperature in the northern hemisphere (in Russian)Meteorol. Gidrol., 11
Weickman Weickman (1942)
The large warming which has led to a discussion of the Arctic: The warming of the Arctic (in German)Veröff. Dtsch. Wiss. Inst. Kopenhagen
M. Sarnthein (1978)
Sand deserts during glacial maximum and climatic optimumNature, 272
Loon Loon, Williams Williams (1976)
The connection between trends of mean temperature and circulation at the surface, II, SummerMon. Weather Rev., 104
L. Williams, T. Wigley (1983)
A Comparison of Evidence for Late Holocene Summer Temperature Variations in the Northern HemisphereQuaternary Research, 20
G. Kukla, H. Kukla (1974)
Increased Surface Albedo in the Northern HemisphereScience, 183
Scherhag Scherhag (1939)
The warming of the polar region (in German)Ann. Hydrogr. Mar. Meteorol., 67
W. Dansgaard, H. Clausen, N. Gundestrup, C. Hammer, S. Johnsen, P. Kristinsdottir, Niels Reeh (1982)
A New Greenland Deep Ice CoreScience, 218
Jane Hsiung, R. Newell (1983)
The Principal Nonseasonal Modes of Variation of Global Sea Surface TemperatureJournal of Physical Oceanography, 13
Painting Painting (1977)
A study of some aspects of the climate of the northern hemisphere in recent yearsSci. Pap. Meteorol. Off.
P. Lemke, E. Trinkl, K. Hasselmann (1980)
Stochastic Dynamic Analysis of Polar Sea Ice VariabilityJournal of Physical Oceanography, 10
W. Dansgaard, H. Tauber (1969)
Glacier Oxygen-18 Content and Pleistocene Ocean TemperaturesScience, 166
H. Fritts, J. Lough (1985)
An estimate of average annual temperature variations for North America, 1602 to 1961Climatic Change, 7
N. Streten, D. Pike (1980)
Characteristics of the broadscale antarctic sea ice extent and the associated atmospheric circulation 1972–1977Archiv für Meteorologie, Geophysik und Bioklimatologie, Serie A, 29
S. Thorarinsson (1940)
Present Glacier Shrinkage, and Eustatic Changes of Sea-LevelGeografiska Annaler, 22
J. Mitchell (1958)
Effect of Changing Observation Time on Mean TemperatureBulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 39
Winter Winter (1951)
Changes in summer climate over 150 years (in German)Arch. Meteorol. Geophys. Bioklirnatol., Ser. B, 3
GARP Publ. Ser., 16
P. Jones, S. Raper, T. Wigley (1986)
Northern Hemisphere Surface Air Temperature Variations: 1851–1984Journal of Applied Meteorology, 25
Gutenberg Gutenberg (1941)
Changes in sea level, postglacial uplift, and mobility of the earth's interiorBull. Geol. Soc. Am., 52
W. Brinkmann (1976)
Surface Temperature Trend for the Northern Hemisphere-UpdatedQuaternary Research, 6
Donovan Donovan, Jones Jones (1979)
Causes of world‐wide changes in sea levelJ. Geol. Soc. London, 136
Flohn (1980)
Possible climatic consequences of a man-made global warming. Final report
Drozdov Drozdov (1981)
Formation of land moistening during climatic fluctuations (in Russian)Meteorol. Gidrol., 4
Rubinshtein Rubinshtein (1977)
Some comments on the paper by I. I. Borzenkova, K. Ya Vinnikov, L. P. Spirina and D. I. Stekhnovskii, Variation of northern hemisphere air temperature during 1881–1975Meteorol. Gidrol., 9
T. Barnett (1983)
Recent changes in sea level and their possible causesClimatic Change, 5
A. Pittock (1983)
Recent climatic change in Australia: Implications for a CO2-warmed earthClimatic Change, 5
H. Loon, Jill Williams (1977)
The Connection between Trends of Mean Temperature and Circulation at the Surface: Part IV. Comparison of the Surface Changes in the Northern Hemisphere with the Upper Air and with the Antarctic in WinterMonthly Weather Review, 105
H. Rodhe, H. Virji (1976)
Trends and Periodicities in East African Rainfall DataMonthly Weather Review, 104
T. Barnett (1983)
Long‐term changes in dynamic heightJournal of Geophysical Research, 88
A. Wilson, C. Hendy, C. Reynolds (1979)
Short-term climate change and New Zealand temperatures during the last millenniumNature, 279
J. Angell, J. Korshover (1983)
Global Temperature Variations in the Troposphere and Stratosphere, 1958–1982Monthly Weather Review, 111
Aubrey (1985)
Recent sea levels from tide gauges: Problems and prognosisGlaciers, Ice Sheets, and Sea Level: Effect of a CO2-Induced Climatic Change
Spirina Spirina (1969)
Secular trend of average northern hemisphere air temperature (in Russian)Meteorol Gidrol., 1
A. Bunker (1980)
Trends of Variables and Energy Fluxes over the Atlantic Ocean from 1948 to 19721Monthly Weather Review, 108
Paterson Paterson (1968)
A temperature profile through the Meighen ice cap, Arctic CanadaIASH‐AISH Publ., 79
Starr Starr, Oort Oort (1973)
Five‐year (1958–1963) climatic trend for the northern hemisphereNature, 242
F. Stephenson, L. Morrison (1982)
History of the Earth’s Rotation Since 700 B. C.
Willett Willett (1976)
The sun as a maker of weather and climateTechnol. Rev., 78
S. Manabe, R. Wetherald (1980)
On the Distribution of Climate Change Resulting from an Increase in CO2 Content of the AtmosphereJournal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 37
Barnett (1983)
Some problems associated with the estimation of “global” sea level changeReport to National Climate Program
H. Lamb (1981)
Climatic changes and food production: Observations and outlook in the modern worldGeoJournal, 5
Barnett (1985)
Long-term changes in precipitation patterns, 0235
A. Misener (1955)
Heat flow and depth of permafrost at Resolute Bay, Cornwallis Island, N. W. T., CanadaEos, Transactions American Geophysical Union, 36
J. Matthews (1976)
‘Little Ice Age’ palaeotemperatures from high altitude tree growth in S. NorwayNature, 264
C. Brooks (1951)
Geological and Historical Aspects of Climatic Change
Rodewald Rodewald (1952)
Reversal of the climate change in the United States (in German)Geogr. Ann., 34
P. Kelly, P. Jones, T. Wigley, R. Bradley, H. Diaz, C. Goodess (1985)
The extended Northern hemisphere surface air temperature record: 1851-1984
P. Jones, T. Wigley, P. Kelly (1982)
Variations in Surface Air Temperatures: Part 1. Northern Hemisphere, 1881–1980Monthly Weather Review, 110
W. Broecker, D. Peteet, D. Rind (1985)
Does the ocean–atmosphere system have more than one stable mode of operation?Nature, 315
A. Sturman, M. Anderson (1985)
A Comparison of Antarctic Sea Ice Data Sets and Inferred Trends in Ice Area, 24
V. Lamarche, C. Stockton (1974)
Chronologies from Termperature-Sensitive Bristlecone Pines at Upper Treeline in Western United StatesTree-ring Bulletin
Mörner Mörner (1980)
A 10,700 years' palaeotemperature record from Gotland and Pleistocene/Holocene boundary events in SwedenBoreas, 9
M. Mellor (1960)
Temperature Gradients in the Antarctic Ice SheetJournal of Glaciology, 3
J. Fletcher, U. Radok, R. Slutz (1982)
Climatic signals of the Antarctic OceanJournal of Geophysical Research, 87
J. Hansen, David Johnson, A. Lacis, S. Lebedeff, P. Lee, D. Rind, G. Russell (1981)
Climate Impact of Increasing Atmospheric Carbon DioxideScience, 213
H. Herdman (1959)
Early Discoverers XII: Some Notes on Sea Ice Observed By Captain James Cook, R.N., During his Circumnavigation of Antarctica, 1772–75Journal of Glaciology, 3
Scherhag Scherhag (1936)
A remarkable climate change over northern Europe (in German)Ann. Hydrogr. Mar. Meteorol., 64
Clayton Clayton (1917)
Effect of short period variations of solar radiation on the earth's atmosphereSmithson. Misc. Collect., 68
H. Landsberg (1949)
Climatic Trends in the Series of Temperature Observations at New Haven, ConnecticutGeografiska Annaler, 31
J. Saur (1963)
A Study of the Quality of Sea Water Temperatures Reported in Logs of Ships' Weather ObservationsJournal of Applied Meteorology, 2
H. Willett (1974)
Recent Statistical Evidence in Support of the Predictive Significance of Solar-Climatic CyclesMonthly Weather Review, 102
Kryndin Kryndin (1970)
Certain climatological characteristics of the temperature field of the North Atlantic (in Russian)Nauchno Issled. Inst. Aeroklimatol., 60
J. Angell, Korshover (1977)
Estimate of the Global Change in Temperature,Surface to 100 mb, Between 1958 and 1975Monthly Weather Review, 105
G. Jacoby, E. Cook (1981)
PAST TEMPERATURE VARIATIONS INFERRED FROM A 400-YEAR TREE-RING CHRONOLOGY FROM YUKON TERRITORY, CANADA*Arctic and alpine research, 13
A. Robock (1980)
The seasonal cycle of snow cover, sea ice and surface albedoMonthly Weather Review, 108
A. Defant (1924)
Die Schwankungen Der Atmosphärischen Zirkulation Über Dem Nordatlantischen Ozean Im 25-Jährigen Zeitraum 1881–1905Geografiska Annaler, 6
R. Tabony (1981)
A principal component and spectral analysis of European rainfallInternational Journal of Climatology, 1
Benoist (1982)
Isotope climatic record over the last 2.5 ka from Dome C, Antarctica, ice coresAnn. Glaciol., 3
J. Mcguirk (1982)
A century of precipitation variability along the pacific coast of North America and its impactClimatic Change, 4
J. Angell, J. Korshover (1975)
Estimate of the Global Change in Tropospheric Temperature Between 1958 and 1973Monthly Weather Review, 103
C. Ropelewski (1983)
Spatial and Temporal Variations in Antarctic Sea-Ice (1973–82), 22
V. Čermák (1971)
Underground temperature and inferred climatic temperature of the past milleniumPalaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 10
M. Chilton (1973)
Theoretical explanation of mouse satellite DNA renaturation kinetics.Nature: New biology, 246 149
J. Kincer (1933)
IS OUR CLIMATE CHANGING? A STUDY OF LONG-TIME TEMPERATURE TRENDSMonthly Weather Review, 61
H. Loon, Jill Williams (1976)
The Connection Between Trends of Mean Temperature and Circulation at the Surface: Part I. WinterMonthly Weather Review, 104
V. Morgan (1985)
An oxygen isotope — Climate record from the Law Dome, AntarcticaClimatic Change, 7
J. Angell, J. Korshover (1978)
Global Temperature Variation, Surface-100 mb: An Update into 1977Monthly Weather Review, 106
D. Roemmich, C. Wunsch (1984)
Apparent changes in the climatic state of the deep North Atlantic OceanNature, 307
N. Nicholls (1985)
Impact of the southern oscillation on australian cropsInternational Journal of Climatology, 5
S. Raper, T. Wigley, P. Mayes, P. Jones, M. Salinger (1984)
Variations in Surface Air Temperatures. Part 3: The Antarctic, 1957 82Monthly Weather Review, 112
A. Lachenbruch, J. Sass, B. Marshall, T. Moses (1982)
Permafrost, heat flow, and the geothermal regime at Prudhoe Bay, AlaskaJournal of Geophysical Research, 87
Barry (1985)
Snow cover, sea ice and permafrost, in Glaciers, Ice Sheets and Sea Level: Effects of a CO2-Induced Climatic Change
Mitchell Mitchell (1963)
On the world‐wide patterns of secular temperature change, Changes of ClimateArid Zone Res., 20
H. Loon, Jill Williams (1978)
The Association between Mean Temperature and Interannual VariabilityMonthly Weather Review, 106
F. Mathes (1946)
Report of Committee on Glaciers, 1945Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union, 27
H. Wexler (1959)
A WARMING TREND AT LITTLE AMERICA, ANTARCTICAWeather, 14
P. Tyson, T. Dyer, M. Mametse (1975)
Secular changes in South African rainfall: 1880 to 1972Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, 101
Scherhag Scherhag (1936)
The strengthening of the atmosphere circulation over the last 25 years (in German)Ann. Hydrogr. Mar. Meteorol., 64
L. Page (1937)
Temperature and Rainfall Changes in the United States during the Past 40 YearsMonthly Weather Review, 65
C. Folland, D. Parker, F. Kates (1984)
Worldwide marine temperature fluctuations 1856–1981Nature, 310
C. Lorius, L. Merlivat, J. Jouzel, M. Pourchet (1979)
A 30,000-yr isotope climatic record from Antarctic iceNature, 280
S. Self, M. Rampino, James Barbera (1981)
The possible effects of large 19th and 20th century volcanic eruptions on zonal and hemispheric surface temperaturesJournal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 11
M. Meier (1984)
Contribution of Small Glaciers to Global Sea LevelScience, 226
G. Liljequist (1943)
The Severity of the Winters at Stockholm 1757–1942Geografiska Annaler, 25
S. Manabe, R. Stouffer (1980)
Sensitivity of a global climate model to an increase of CO2 concentration in the atmosphereJournal of Geophysical Research, 85
Borzenkova (1976)
Variation of northern hemisphere air temperature from 1881 to 1975Meteorol. Gidrol., 7
Diaz Diaz, Quayle Quayle (1980)
The climate of the central states since 1895: Spatial and temporal changesMon. Weather Rev., 108
T. Barnett (1984)
Long-Term Trends in Surface Temperature over the OceansMonthly Weather Review, 112
A. Robock (1983)
Global mean sea level: indicator of climate change?Science, 219 4587
L. Gandin (1963)
Objective Analysis of Meteorological Fields
Jill Williams (1980)
Anomalies in temperature and rainfall during warm Arctic seasons as a guide to the formulation of climate scenariosClimatic Change, 2
J. Jouzel, L. Merlivat, J. Petit, C. Lorius (1983)
Climatic information over the last century deduced from a detailed isotopic record in the south pole snowJournal of Geophysical Research, 88
H. Diaz, R. Quayle (1980)
The Climate of the United States since 1895: Spatial and Temporal ChangesMonthly Weather Review, 108
Vinnikov Vinnikov, Kovyneva Kovyneva (1983)
Global warming: On the distributions of climatic change (in Russian)Meteorol. Gidrol., 5
S. Porter (1981)
Recent glacier variations and volcanic eruptionsNature, 291
J. Benoist, J. Jouzel, C. Lorius, L. Merlivat, M. Pourchet (1982)
Isotope Climatic Record Over The Last 2.5 KA from Dome C, Antarctica, Ice coresAnnals of Glaciology, 3
H. Clayton, F. Exner
World weather records
A. Semtner (1984)
On modelling the seasonal thermodynamic cycle of sea ice in studies of climatic changeClimatic Change, 6
R. Etkins, E. Epstein (1982)
The Rise of Global Mean Sea Level as an Indication of Climate ChangeScience, 215
W. Newman, Craig Munsart (1968)
Holocene geology of the Wachapreague lagoon, Eastern Shore Peninsula, VirginiaMarine Geology, 6
A. Jessop (1968)
Three measurements of heat flow in Eastern CanadaCanadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 5
V. Gornitz, S. Lebedeff, James Hansen (1982)
Global Sea Level Trend in the Past CenturyScience, 215
Budd (1985)
The state of balance of the Antarctic ice sheet: An updated assessment 1984Glaciers, Ice Sheets, and Sea Level: Effects of a CO2-Induced Climatic Change
H. Lamb (1977)
Climate: present, past and future
K. Emery (1980)
Relative sea levels from tide-gauge records.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 77 12
Kelly Kelly, Jones Jones (1981)
Annual temperatures in the Arctic, 1881–1981Clim. Monit., 10
Willett Willett (1950)
Temperature trends of the past centuryCenten. Proc. R. Meteorol. Soc., spec
Brunt (1937)
Climatic cyclesGeogr. J., 89
Thomas Thomas (1955)
Climatic trends along the Atlantic coast of CanadaTrans. R. Soc. Can., 49
Köppen Köppen (1873)
Concerning multiyear periods of weather, especially the 11‐year period of temperatureZ. Österr. Ges. Meteorol., 8
N. Shackleton (1982)
The deep-sea sediment record of climate variabilityProgress in Oceanography, 11
Yamamoto Yamamoto (1951)
The secular changes of climate in JapanGeophys. Mag., 22
G. Roden (1966)
A Modern Statistical Analysis and Documentation of Historical Temperature Records in California, Oregon and Washington, 1821–1964Journal of Applied Meteorology, 5
Oerlemans Oerlemans (1982)
Response of the Antarctic ice sheet to a climatic warmingJ. Climatol., 2
Angström (1939)
The change of the temperature climate in present timeGeogr. Ann., 21
M. Maccracken, H. Moses (1982)
First Detection of Carbon Dioxide Effects: workshop summary 8-10 June 1981, Harpers Ferry, W. V
Douglas Douglas, Cayon Cayon, Namias Namias (1982)
Large‐scale changes in N. Pacific and N. American weather patterns in recent decadesMon. Weather Rev., 110
M. Schlesinger, J. Mitchell (1986)
Model projections of the equilibrium climatic response to increased carbon dioxide
C. Yapp, S. Epstein (1977)
Climatic implications of D/H ratios of meteoric water over North America (9500–22,000 B.P.) as inferred from ancient wood cellulose CH hydrogenEarth and Planetary Science Letters, 34
Clayton Reitan (1974)
A Climatic Model of Solar Radiation and Temperature ChangeQuaternary Research, 4
Parker Parker (1980)
Climatic change or analysts' artifice—A study of gridpoint upper‐air dataMeteorol. Mag., 109
W. Munk, R. Revelle (1952)
Sea level and the rotation of the earthAmerican Journal of Science, 250
G. Callendar (1961)
Temperature fluctuations and trends over the earthQuarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, 87
R. Yamamoto, T. Iwashima, M. Hoshiai (1975)
Change of the Surface Air Temperature Averaged over the Northern Hemisphere and Large Volcanic Eruptions during the Year 1951-1972Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan, 53
H. Zwally, Claire Parkinson, J. Comiso (1983)
Variability of Antarctic Sea Ice: and Changes in Carbon DioxideScience, 220
H. Mantis, C. Zerefos (1979)
Fluctuations in the Northern Hemisphere stratospheric temperature on time scales from ten years to two monthsArchiv für Meteorologie, Geophysik und Bioklimatologie, Serie A, 28
J. Mitchell (1961)
RECENT SECULAR CHANGES OF GLOBAL TEMPERATUREAnnals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 95
L. Lysgaard (1948)
Recent Climatic FluctuationsNature, 161
A. Robock (1982)
The Russian surface temperature data set.Journal of Applied Meteorology, 21
J. Colebrook (1976)
Trends in the climate of the North Atlantic Ocean over the past centuryNature, 263
R. Fairbridge, Oswald Krebs (1962)
Sea Level and the Southern OscillationGeophysical Journal International, 6
Angell (1982)
Commentary on detecting carbon dioxide effects on climate
Misener Misener (1955)
Heat flow and depth of permafrost at Resolute Bay, Cornwallis Island, N.W.T., CanadaEos Trans. AGU, 36
Vinnikov Vinnikov, Gruza Gruza, Zakharov Zakharov, Kirillov Kirillov, Kovyneva Kovyneva, Ran'kova Ran'kova (1980)
Current climatic changes in the northern hemisphere (in Russian)Meteorol. Gidrol., 6
Brooks (1935)
The change of climate in the British IslesMeteorol. Mag., 70
Budyko (1969)
The effect of solar radiation variations on the climateTellus, 21
W. Humphreys
Physics of the AirNature, 124
Gruza Gruza, Kleshchenko Kleshchenko, Ran'kova Ran'kova (1977)
Variations of air temperature and precipitation over the USSR during the period of instrumental observations (in Russian)Meteorol. Gidrol., 1
Science, 191
P. Jones, P. Kelly (1983)
The spatial and temporal characteristics of northern Hemisphere surface air temperature variationsInternational Journal of Climatology, 3
Vinnikov Vinnikov, Groisman Groisman (1979)
Empirical model of modern climatic changes (in Russian)Meteorol. Gidrol., 3
J. Conover (1951)
Are New England Winters Getting MilderWeatherwise, 20
H. Wexler (1961)
Ice Budgets for Antarctica and Changes in Sea-LevelJournal of Glaciology, 3
Newell Newell, Hsiung Hsiung (1979)
Fluctuations in zonal mean sea surface temperatureRev. Ital. Geofis. Sci. Affini, 5
G. Kukla, D. Robinson (1981)
Temperature Changes in the Last 100 Years
Callendar Callendar (1938)
The artificial production of carbon dioxide and its influence on temperatureQ. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 64
J. Mitchell (1953)
ON THE CAUSES OF INSTRUMENTALLY OBSERVED SECULAR TEMPERATURE TRENDSJournal of Meteorology, 10
Dronia Dronia (1974)
Concerning temperature changes in the free atmosphere of the northern hemisphere in the last 25 years (in German)Meteorol. Rundsch., 27
A. Robock (1983)
Ice and Snow Feedbacks and the Latitudinal and Seasonal Distribution of Climate SensitivityJournal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 40
J. Namias (1980)
Some concomitant regional anomalies associated with hemispherically averaged temperature variationsJournal of Geophysical Research, 85
D. Mooley, B. Parthasarathy (1984)
Fluctuations in All-India summer monsoon rainfall during 1871–1978Climatic Change, 6
T. Wigley, P. Jones (1985)
Influences of precipitation changes and direct CO2 effects on streamflowNature, 314
D. Schove (1950)
The climatic fluctuation since A.D. 1850 in Europe and the AtlanticQuarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, 76
J. Petit, J. Jouzel, M. Pourchet, L. Merlivat (1982)
A detailed study of snow accumulation and stable isotope content in Dome C (Antarctica)Journal of Geophysical Research, 87
N. Mackintosh, H. Herdman (1940)
Distribution of the pack-ice in the Southern Ocean
Wagner Wagner (1929)
Investigations of the variation in the general circulation (in German)Geogr. Ann., 11
L. Jenne (1975)
Data Sets for Meteorological Research
Wadhams Wadhams (1981)
The ice cover in the Greenland and Norwegian seasRev. Geophys., 19
P. Kelly, P. Jones, C. Sear, B. Cherry, R. Tavakol (1982)
Variations in Surface Air Temperatures: Part 2. Arctic Regions, 1881–1980Monthly Weather Review, 110
Herdman Herdman (1959)
Some notes on sea ice observed by Captain James Cook, R. N., during his circumnavigation of AntarcticaJ. Glaciol., 3
Yevdjevich Yevdjevich (1963)
Climatic fluctuations studied by using annual flows and effective annual precipitationArid Zone Res., 20
Hesselberg Hesselberg, Birkeland Birkeland (1940)
Secular variations of climate in Norway, I, The air temperature (in German)Geophys. Norv., 14
R. Yamamoto, M. Hoshiai, T. Iwashima (1977)
Change of surface air temperature averaged globally during the years 1957–1972Archiv für Meteorologie, Geophysik und Bioklimatologie, Serie B, 25
J. Hays, W. Pitman (1973)
Lithospheric Plate Motion, Sea Level Changes and Climatic and Ecological ConsequencesNature, 246
Flohn Flohn (1950)
Climatic variations during the Middle Ages and their historical‐geographical significance (in German)Ber. Dtsch. Landeskunde, 7
N. Reeh (1985)
Was the Greenland ice sheet thinner in the late Wisconsinan than now?Nature, 317
Kincer Kincer (1946)
Our changing climateEos Trans. AGU, 27
W. Brinkmann (1979)
ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN TEMPERATURE TRENDSAnnals of The Association of American Geographers, 69
M. Rodewald (1952)
Rückgang Der Klimaänderung in Den Vereinigten StaatenGeografiska Annaler, 34
T. Wigley, P. Jones (1981)
Detecting CO2-induced climatic changeNature, 292
Budyko Budyko, Ya Vinnikov Ya Vinnikov (1973)
Modern climate variationsMeteorol. Gidrol., 9
Vinnikov Vinnikov (1977)
Procedures for acquisition and interpretation of data on the variations of northern hemisphere surface air temperature during 1881–1975 (in Russian)Meteorol. Gidrol., 9
Climap, A. Mcintyre, R. Cline (1981)
Seasonal reconstructions of the earth's surface at the last glacial maximum
C. Zerefos, H. Mantis (1977)
Climatic fluctuations in the Northern Hemisphere stratosphereArchiv für Meteorologie, Geophysik und Bioklimatologie, Serie B, 25
Jones Jones, Wigley Wigley (1980)
Northern hemisphere temperature, 1881–1979Clim. Monit., 9
B. Gray (1974)
EARLY JAPANESE WINTER TEMPERATURESWeather, 29
M. Tsuji (1950)
On the rate of evaporation and condensation of falling dropsGeophysical magazine, 22
A. Oort (1994)
Global atmospheric circulation statistics, 1958-1973
H. Lamb (1967)
Climate in the 1960'sThe Geographical Journal, 133
W. Kellog (1977)
Effects of human activities on global climate
Jones Jones, Raper Raper, Wigley Wigley (1986)
Southern hemisphere air temperature variations, 1851–1984J. Clim. Appl. Meteorol.
T. Wigley, P. Jones, P. Kelly (1980)
Scenario for a warm, high-CO2 worldNature, 283
W. Ruddiman, J. Duplessy (1985)
Conference on the Last Deglaciation: Timing and MechanismQuaternary Research, 23
J. Angell, J. Korshover (1978)
Estimate of Global Temperature Variations in the 100–30 mb Layer between 1958 and 1977Monthly Weather Review, 106
Loon Loon, Williams Williams (1976)
The connection between trends of mean temperature and circulation at the surface, 1Winter, Mon. Weather Rev., 104
Kaznacheeva Kaznacheeva (1982)
Climatic variability in the free‐atmosphere temperature (in Russian)Meteorol. Gidrol., 11
A. Ångström (1939)
The Change of the Temperature Climate in Present Time: With Some Remarks on the Cause of Minor Fluctuations in Prehistoric TimeGeografiska Annaler, 21
Bradley (1982)
Climatic fluctuations of the western United States during the period of instrumental records
W. Harley (1978)
Trends and Variations of Mean Temperature in the Lower TroposphereMonthly Weather Review, 106
G. Kukla, J. Angell, J. Korshover, H. Dronia, M. Hoshiai, J. Namias, M. Rodewald, R. Yamamoto, T. Iwashima (1977)
New data on climatic trendsNature, 270
K. Mellanby, S. Singer (1968)
Global Effects of Environmental Pollution.Journal of Applied Ecology, 8
W. Harley (1980)
The Significance of Climatic Change in the Northern Hemisphere 1949–1978Monthly Weather Review, 108
W. Dansgaard, S. Johnsen, N. Reeh, N. Gundestrup, H. Clausen, C. Hammer (1975)
Climatic changes, Norsemen and modern manNature, 255
Jill Williams, H. Loon (1976)
The Connection between Trends of Mean Temperature and Circulation at the Surface: Part III. Spring and AutumnMonthly Weather Review, 104
Zakharov Zakharov, Strokina Strokina (1978)
Recent variations in extent of Arctic ocean ice cover (in Russian)Meteorol. Gidrol., 7
R. Bradley, P. Kelly, P. Jones, C. Goodess, H. Diaz (1985)
Climatic data bank for northern hemisphere land areas, 1851-1980
T. Barnett (1978)
Estimating Variability of Surface Air Temperature in the Northern HemisphereMonthly Weather Review, 106
Recent results from climate models have led to the prediction that a global warming due to increasing atmospheric CO2 is now imminent, if it has not already occurred. In an effort to develop more definitive information on this question, a detailed review has been conducted of prior efforts to unravel climatic change from the various types of recorded observational data available. Most of the more definitive of the prior analyses—along with evaluative comments by the various authors—have been assembled herein. There appears little doubt that the average surface air temperature of at least northern hemisphere has been increasing since the beginning of recorded data with most of the warming occurring in a brief period circa 1920. The fragmentary early data suggest significant cooling prior to 1883 such that 25–50% of the subsequent warming may represent a return to earlier levels. Whether the overall warming constitutes a climate change remains an unresolved problem, as does the cause of the warming.
Reviews of Geophysics – Wiley
Published: Nov 1, 1986
Read and print from thousands of top scholarly journals.
Already have an account? Log in
Bookmark this article. You can see your Bookmarks on your DeepDyve Library.
To save an article, log in first, or sign up for a DeepDyve account if you don’t already have one.
Copy and paste the desired citation format or use the link below to download a file formatted for EndNote
Access the full text.
Sign up today, get DeepDyve free for 14 days.
All DeepDyve websites use cookies to improve your online experience. They were placed on your computer when you launched this website. You can change your cookie settings through your browser.