Access the full text.
Sign up today, get DeepDyve free for 14 days.
L. Dowell, A. Rinfret (1960)
Low-Temperature Forms of Ice as Studied by X-Ray DiffractionNature, 188
M. Lamvik (1978)
Muscle thick filament mass measured by electron scattering.Journal of molecular biology, 122 1
B. Luyet, D. Rasmussen (1967)
Study by differential thermal analysis of the temperatures of instability in rapidly cooled solutions of polyvinylpyrrolidone.Biodynamica, 10 205
R. Glaeser, K. Taylor (1978)
Radiation damage relative to transmission electron microscopy of biological specimens at low temperature: a reviewJournal of Microscopy, 112
A. Mackenzie, B. Luyet (1967)
Electron microscope study of recrystallization in rapidly frozen gelatin gels.Biodynamica, 10 205
E. Zeitler, G. Bahr (1962)
A Photometric Procedure for Weight Determination of Submicroscopic Particles Quantitative Electron MicroscopyJournal of Applied Physics, 33
B. Luyet (1965)
PHASE TRANSITIONS ENCOUNTERED IN THE RAPID FREEZING OF AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS *Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 125
H. Fernández-morán (1960)
LOW‐TEMPERATURE PREPARATION TECHNIQUES FOR ELECTRON MICROSCOPY OF BIOLOGICAL SPECIMENS BASED ON RAPID FREEZING WITH LIQUID HELIUM II *Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 85
A. Engel (1978)
Molecular weight determination by scanning transmission electron microscopy.Ultramicroscopy, 3 3
R. Eusemann, H. Rose, J. Dubochet (1982)
Electron scattering in ice and organic materialsJournal of Microscopy, 128
J. Dubochet (1975)
Carbon loss during irradiation of T4 bacteriophages and E. coli bacteria in electron microscopes.Journal of ultrastructure research, 52 2
P. Unwin, J. Muguruma (1971)
Transmission Electron Microscopy of IceJournal of Applied Physics, 42
M. Kumai (1968)
Hexagonal and Cubic Ice at Low TemperaturesJournal of Glaciology, 7
Kenneth Taylor, R. Glaeser (1976)
Electron microscopy of frozen hydrated biological specimens.Journal of ultrastructure research, 55 3
R. Eusemann, H. Rose, J. Dubochet (1982)
Electron scattering in ice and organic materialsAnn. N.Y. Acad. Sci., 128
R.M. Glaeser, K.A. Taylor (1978)
Radiation damage relative to transmission electron microscopy of biological specimens at low temperature: a reviewJ. molec. Biol., 112
M.K. Lamvik (1978)
Muscle thick filament mass measured by electron scatteringAnn. N.Y. Acad. Sci., 122
J.‐C. Homo (1980)
Proceedings of the Seventh European Congress on Electron MicroscopyJ. Ultrastruct. Res., 1
B. Luyet, D. Rasmussen (1968)
Study by differential thermal analysis of the temperatures of instability of rapidly cooled solutions of glycerol, ethylene glycol, sucrose and glucose.Biodynamica, 10 210
I. Dietrich, F. Fox, H. Heide, E. Knapek, R. Weyl (1978)
Radiation damage due to knock-on processes on carbon foils cooled to liquid helium temperature.Ultramicroscopy, 3 2
S.B. Hayward, D.A. Grano, R.M. Glaeser, K.A. Fisher (1978)
Molecular orientation of bacteriorhodopsin within the purple membrane of halobacterium halobiumJ. Microsc., 75
R. Freeman, K. Leonard (1981)
Comparative mass measurement of biological macromolecules by scanning transmission electron microscopyJournal of Microscopy, 122
Y. Talmon, E. Thomas (1978)
Electron Beam Heating Temperature Profiles in Moderately Thick Cold Stage STEM/SEM SpecimensJournal of Microscopy, 113
J. Davy, D. Branton (1970)
Subliming Ice Surfaces: Freeze-Etch Electron MicroscopyScience, 168
R. Freeman, K.R. Leonard, J. Dubochet (1980)
Proceedings of the Seventh European Congress on Electron MicroscopyProc. nat. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 2
A. Mackenzie (1975)
Collapse during freeze drying--qualitative and quantitative aspects
R. Burge (1973)
Mechanisms of contrast and image formation of biological specimens in the transmission electron microscopeJournal of Microscopy, 98
(1980)
A cryo/transfer holder for TEMlSTEM system
Y. Talmon, E. Thomas (1979)
Open system microthermometry — a technique for the measurement of local specimen temperature in the electron microscopeJournal of Materials Science, 14
P. Brüggeller, E. Mayer (1980)
Complete vitrification in pure liquid water and dilute aqueous solutionsNature, 288
S. Hayward, D. Grano, R. Glaeser, K. Fisher (1978)
Molecular orientation of bacteriorhodopsin within the purple membrane of Halobacterium halobium.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 75 9
Andrew Mackenzie (1977)
Non-equilibrium freezing behaviour of aqueous systems.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences, 278 959
Y. Talmon, H. Davis, L. Scriven, E. Thomas (1979)
Mass loss and etching of frozen hydrated specimensJournal of Microscopy, 117
H. Fernandez‐Moran (1960)
Low temperature preparation techniques for electron microscopy of biological specimens based on rapid freezing with liquid helium IIJ. Microsc., 85
L. Dowell, S. Moline, A. Rinfret (1962)
A low-temperature x-ray diffraction study of ice structures formed in aqueous gelatin gels.Biochimica et biophysica acta, 59
D. Rasmussen, A. Mackenzie (1971)
The glass transition in amorphous water. Application of the measurements to problems arising in cryobiology.The Journal of physical chemistry, 75 7
(1977)
Temperature rise and sublimation of water from thin frozen hydrated specimens in cold stage microscopy
J. Lepault, J. Dubochet (1980)
Freezing, fracturing, and etching artifacts in particulate suspensions.Journal of ultrastructure research, 72 2
John Hecker (1962)
Scientific Foundations of Vacuum Technique.Journal of the American Chemical Society, 84
K. Lonsdale (1958)
The structure of iceProceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A. Mathematical and Physical Sciences, 247
(1980)
Micro - cryostat for high resolution electron microscope specimen stage
J. Dubochet, A.W. McDowall (1981)
Vitrification of pure liquid water for electron microscopyUltra-microscopy, 124
(1960)
Vapor pressure data for some common gases
D. Parsons, V. Matricardi, R. Moretz, J. Turner (1974)
Electron microscopy and diffraction of wet unstained and unfixed biological objects.Advances in biological and medical physics, 15 0
F. Franks (1972)
The Properties of Ice
J. Dubochet, M. Groom, S. Mueller‐Neuteboom (1982)
Advances in Optical and Electron MicroscopyJ. Microsc., 8
M. Hanaoka, Shiro Suzuki, J. Hotchin (1969)
Thymus-Dependent Lymphocytes: Destruction by Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis VirusScience, 163
A. Mackenzie, B. Luyet (1962)
A COLLODION SANDWICH-FILM TECHNIQUE FOR THE STUDY OF THE GROWTH OF ICE IN VERY THIN LAYERS OF AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS
M. Blackman, N. Lisgarten (1957)
The cubic and other structural forms of ice at low temperature and pressureProceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A. Mathematical and Physical Sciences, 239
J. Dubochet, A. McDowall (1981)
VITRIFICATION OF PURE WATER FOR ELECTRON MICROSCOPYJournal of Microscopy, 124
Thin layers of pure water or aqueous solutions are frozen in the vitreous state or with the water phase in the form of hexagonal or cubic crystals, either by using a spray‐freezing method or by spreading the liquid on alkylamine treated films. The specimens are observed in a conventional and in a scanning transmission electron microscope at temperatures down to 25 K. In general, the formation of crystals and segregation of solutes during freezing, devitrification and evaporation upon warming, take place as foreseen by previous X‐ray, thermal, optical and electron microscopical studies. Electron beam damage appears in three forms. The devitrification of vitreous ice. The slow loss of material for the specimen at a rate of about one molecule of pure water for every sixty electrons. The bubbling in solutions of organic material for doses in the range of thousands of e nm−2. We propose a possible model for the mechanism of beam damage in aqueous solutions.
Journal of Microscopy – Wiley
Published: Dec 1, 1982
Keywords: ; ; ; ; ; ;
Read and print from thousands of top scholarly journals.
Already have an account? Log in
Bookmark this article. You can see your Bookmarks on your DeepDyve Library.
To save an article, log in first, or sign up for a DeepDyve account if you don’t already have one.
Copy and paste the desired citation format or use the link below to download a file formatted for EndNote
Access the full text.
Sign up today, get DeepDyve free for 14 days.
All DeepDyve websites use cookies to improve your online experience. They were placed on your computer when you launched this website. You can change your cookie settings through your browser.