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A. Bolliger, R. Gross (1954)
Non-keratins of avian and mammalian skin flakes.The Australian journal of experimental biology and medical science, 32 6
(1967)
( I 9 fi 5 ) A Comparative Chemical Study of Dandruff Flakes , Skin Scrapings and Callus
H. Spier, G. Pascher (1956)
[Analytical and functional physiology of the skin surface].Der Hautarzt; Zeitschrift fur Dermatologie, Venerologie, und verwandte Gebiete, 7 2
I. Blank, E. Shappirio (1955)
The Water Content of the Stratum CorneumJournal of Investigative Dermatology, 25
I. Blank (1952)
Factors which influence the water content of the stratum corneum.The Journal of investigative dermatology, 18 6
S. Rothman, C. Taschdjian (1951)
A new method to increase the permeability of hard keratin structures.The Journal of investigative dermatology, 17 1
K. Laden, R. Spitzer (1967)
Identification of a Natural Moisturizing Agent in Skin
(1962)
Modification of the Water Holding Capacity of Callus by Protreatmont with Additives
L. Gaul, G. Underwood (1952)
Relation of dew point and barometric pressure to chapping of normal skin.The Journal of investigative dermatology, 19 1
A. Kligman, E. Christophers (1963)
PREPARATION OF ISOLATED SHEETS OF HUMAN STRATUM CORNEUM.Archives of dermatology, 88
N. Nicolaides (1964)
CHAPTER XXVI – Lipids, Membranes, and the Human Epidermis1
(1964)
{t955) The Water Content of the Stratum Gorneum, Effect nf Previous Contact witb Aqueous Solutions of Soapa and Dotergenta
(1956)
Ziir Analytisehen und Funktionellen Physiologie der Hautoborfiiifhe
(1966)
Tbe Water Binding Properties of Skin
O. Jacobi (1958)
Water and water vapor absorption of the stratum corneum of the living human skin.Journal of applied physiology, 12 3
I. Blank (1953)
Further observations on factors which influence the water content of the stratum corneum.The Journal of investigative dermatology, 21 4
E. Yemm, E. Cocking, R. Ricketts (1955)
The determination of amino-acids with ninhydrinAnalyst, 80
(1964)
Lipids, Membranea and the Human Epidermis in The Epidermis
(1957)
Macro molecular Organisation of Epidermal Keratin, An X-ray Diffraction Study of the Horny Layer from Normal, Icbthyotie and Psoriatie Skin
(1956)
Toilet (hods ANS
(1963)
About the Mecbanisin of Moisture Regulation in the Horny Layer of Skin
SUMMARY.— The results presented in this paper confirm the published observations by others that the hygroscopic water‐soluble substances within the corneum are responsible for much of the water binding ability of the horny layer. The ability of corneum to bind water is reduced when it is extracted with solvents, which remove lipid, and then with water, which removes the water‐soluble substances. Our interpretation of this is that the water‐soluble substances are retained within the corneum by a lipid‐containing semipermeable membrane system which allows these substances to take up water by osmosis and protects them from dissolution when the intact corneum is immersed in water. Our experiments show that isolated corneum from guinea‐pig footpads and from human palms, soles and abdomen can take up and lose water by osmosis. Powdering the corneum allows water to extract the water‐soluble substances without a prior solvent extraction. The powdering procedure ruptures the cell walls of the corneum cells and we propose that it is the cell walls which make up the lipid containing semi permeable membrane system. A method for measuring extensibility of isolated strips of corneum in a humid atmosphere has been developed. Using this technique it has been shown that it is the water held by the water‐soluble substances that is responsible for most of the extensibility of corneum.
British Journal of Dermatology – Wiley
Published: Jul 1, 1968
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