Access the full text.
Sign up today, get DeepDyve free for 14 days.
Coe Coe, Cummings Cummings, Phillipson Phillipson (1976)
Biomass and production of large African herbivores in relation to rainfall and primary productionOecologia, 22
Buss Buss, Smith Smith (1966)
Observations on reproduction and breeding of the African elephantJ. Wildl. Mgmt., 30
G. Caughley (1966)
Mortality Patterns in MammalsEcology, 47
Foster Foster (1966)
The giraffes of Nairobi National Park: Home range, sex ratios, the herd, and foodE. Afr. Wildl. J., 4
R. Margalef (1963)
On Certain Unifying Principles in EcologyThe American Naturalist, 97
M. Gadgil, W. Bossert (1970)
Life Historical Consequences of Natural SelectionThe American Naturalist, 104
R. Dasmann, A. Mossman (1962)
Population Studies of Impala in Southern RhodesiaJournal of Mammalogy, 43
Robinette Robinette, Archer Archer (1971)
Notes on the ageing criteria and reproduction of Thomson's gazelleE. Afr. Wildl. J., 9
G. Sacher, E. Staffeldt (1974)
Relation of Gestation Time to Brain Weight for Placental Mammals: Implications for the Theory of Vertebrate GrowthThe American Naturalist, 108
Sayer Sayer, Lavieren Lavieren (1975)
The ecology of the Kafue lechwe population of Zamhia before the operation of hydro‐electric dams on the Kafue RiverE. Afr. Wildl. J., 13
Milton Milton, May May (1976)
Body weight, diet and home range in primatesNature, 259
Skinner Skinner, Zyl Zyl (1969)
Reproductive performance of the common eland in arid environmentsJ. Reprod. Fert., 6
A. Huggett, W. Widdas (1951)
The relationship between mammalian foetal weight and conception ageThe Journal of Physiology, 114
C. Spinage (1970)
Population Dynamics of the Uganda Defassa Waterbuck (Kobus defassa ugandae Neumann) in the Queen Elizabeth Park, UgandaJournal of Animal Ecology, 39
Foster Foster, Dagg Dagg (1972)
Notes on the biology of the giraffeE. Afr. Wildl. J., 10
D. Pilbeam, S. Gould (1974)
Size and Scaling in Human EvolutionScience, 186
D. Andere (1975)
The dynamics of pasture use by wildebeest (and cattle) in the Amboseli Basin
W. Stahl (1962)
Similarity and dimensional methods in biology.Science, 137 3525
Laws Laws (1966)
Age criteria for the African elephant (Loxodonta africana a)E. Afr. Wildl. J., 4
Millar Millar (1977)
Adaptive features of mammalian reproductionEvolution, 31
H. Jerison (1976)
Paleoneurology and the evolution of mind.Scientific American, 234 1
W. Leutenegger (1976)
Allometry of neonatal size in eutherian mammalsNature, 263
Sinclair Sinclair (1974)
The natural regulation of buffalo populations in East Africa. II Reproduction, recruitment and growth, III Population trends and mortalityE, Afr. Wildl. J., 12
Klingel Klingel (1969)
The social organisation and population ecology of the plains Zebra (Equus quagga)Zoo. Afr., 4
W. Leuthold (1972)
Gestation period in Thomson's gazelleAfrican Journal of Ecology, 10
C. Spinage (1972)
African Ungulate Life TablesEcology, 53
W. Robinette, A. Archer (1971)
NOTES ON AGEING CRITERIA AND REPRODUCTION OF THOMSON'S GAZELLEAfrican Journal of Ecology, 9
J. Perry (1953)
The reproduction of the African elephant, Loxodonta AfricanaPhilosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences, 237
Kellas Kellas (1954)
Observations on the reproductive activity: measurement of growth rate of the Dik DikProc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 124
Rood Rood (1975)
Population dynamics and food habits of the banded mongooseE. A. Wildl. J., 13
Huggett Huggett, Widdas Widdas (1951)
The relationship between mammalian weight and conception ageJ. Physiol., 114
R. Laws (1968)
DENTITION AND AGEING OF THE HIPPOPOTAMUSAfrican Journal of Ecology, 6
G. Sacher (1978)
Longevity and Aging in Vertebrate EvolutionBioScience, 28
J. Sayer, L. Lavieren (1975)
The ecology of the Kafue lechwe population of Zambia before the operation of hydro‐electric dams on the Kafue RiverAfrican Journal of Ecology, 13
A. Sinclair (1974)
The natural regulation of buffalo populations in East Africa: II. Reproduction, recruitment and growth*African Journal of Ecology, 12
J. Rood (1975)
Population dynamics and food habits of the banded mongooseAfrican Journal of Ecology, 13
Watson Watson (1969)
Reproduction of the wildebeest Connochaetes taurinus albojubatus Thomas, in the Serengeti regionJ. Reprod. Fert., 287
Buechner Buechner, Morrison Morrison, Leuthold Leuthold (1966)
Reproduction in the Uganda Kob with special reference to behaviourSymp. Zool. Soc. Lond., 15
J. Foster (1966)
THE GIRAFFE OF NAIROBI NATIONAL PARK: HOME RANGE, SEX RATIOS, THE HERD, AND FOODAfrican Journal of Ecology, 4
Laws Laws (1968)
Dentition and ageing of the hippoE. Afr. Wildl. J., 6
J. Kihlström (1972)
Period of gestation and body weight in some placental mammals.Comparative biochemistry and physiology. A, Comparative physiology, 43 3
R. Laws (1966)
Age criteria for the african elephant: loxodonta a. africanaAfrican Journal of Ecology, 4
I. Buss, N. Smith (1966)
Observations on Reproduction and Breeding Behavior of the African ElephantJournal of Wildlife Management, 30
Margalef Margalef (1963)
On certain unifying concepts in ecologyAmer. Nat., 97
E. Odum (1969)
The strategy of ecosystem development.Science, 164 3877
Goddard Goddard (1970)
Home range, behaviour, and recruitment rates of two black rhinoceros populationsE. Afr. Wildl. J., 5
P. Jarman (1974)
The Social Organisation of Antelope in Relation To Their EcologyBehaviour, 48
Leuthold Leuthold (1972)
Gestation period in Thomson's gazelleE. A. Wildl. J., 10
K. Milton, M. May (1976)
Body weight, diet and home range area in primatesNature, 259
Fenchel Fenchel (1974)
Lntrinsic rate of natural increase: the relationship with bodysizeOecologia (Berl), 14
Leitch Leitch, Hytten Hytten, Billewicz Billewicz (1959)
Maternal and neonatal weights of some MammaliaProc. Zool. Lond., 133
J. Foster, A. Dagg (1972)
Notes on the biology of the giraffeAfrican Journal of Ecology, 10
B. McNab (1963)
Bioenergetics and the Determination of Home Range SizeThe American Naturalist, 97
J. Goddard (1967)
HOME RANGE, BEHAVIOUR, AND RECRUITMENT RATES OF TWO BLACK RHINOCEROS POPULATIONSAfrican Journal of Ecology, 5
G. Hutchinson, R. Macarthur (1959)
A Theoretical Ecological Model of Size Distributions Among Species of AnimalsThe American Naturalist, 93
K. Modha, S. Eltringham (1976)
Population Ecology of the Uganda Kob (Adenota kob thomasi (Neumann)) in Relation to the Territorial System in the Rwenzori National Park, UgandaJournal of Applied Ecology, 13
T. Clutton‐Brock, P. Harvey, B. Rudder (1977)
Sexual dimorphism, socionomic sex ratio and body weight in primatesNature, 269
L. Vitt, J. Congdon (1978)
Body Shape, Reproductive Effort, and Relative Clutch Mass in Lizards: Resolution of a ParadoxThe American Naturalist, 112
Skinner Skinner (1967)
An appraisal of the eland as a farm animal in AfricaAnim. Breed. Abstr., 35
Summary Allometric laws which scale numerous biomechanical and physiological processes to size in mammals have long been recognized and widely used in biology. There is now sufficient evidence to suggest that those life history parameters such as growth and maximum rates of reproduction, which depend in part on metabolic rate, are also scaled to size. Data are presented which, coupled with a literature review, show that gestation time, growth rates, age at first reproduction, lifespan, the intrinsic rate of natural increase, birth rate, net reproductive rate and litter weight are allometrically scaled to size and are, in consequence, inter‐related. The exponents of the scaling functions are similar in all mammalian orders but in some taxa such as the primates, the species grow slower, live longer and reproduce at a lower rate. For these taxa the differences in life history parameters can be explained by differences in brain size and an existing hypothesis that the maximum rate of neural tissue growth constrains the maximum rate of growth and development of the entire organism. It is then argued that because size scales the main life history parameters of mammals it should also be a central theme in ecology from the individual to the community level of organisation. Examples are presented to show that size is ubiquitous in ecology and accounts for most of the variation in life history parameters between species. Size scaling offers a method of reducing species of varying size to similar dimensions of time, space and rates of action. It is therefore fundamental in distinguishing those life history parameters which arise as a consequence of size, the first order strategies, from those that vary between populations and according to environmental circumstances, the second order strategies. From this approach should develop a broader biological synthesis in which genetic and physiological determinants will inevitably feature more centrally than they do in ecological and behavioural theory. Résumé Les lois allométriques unissant les processus biomécaniques et physiologiques avec la taille chez les mammifères ont été reconnues depuis longtemps et largement utilisées en biologic Il y a maintenant assez de certitude pour suggérer que les paramètres biologiques tels que croissance et taux maximal de reproduction, qui dépendent partiellement du rendement métabolique, sont aussi fonctions de la taille. Les données présentées ici, couplées avec une revue de la littérature, montrent que la durée de gestation, le taux de croissance, l'âge à la première reproduction, la durée de vie, le taux intrinsèque d'accroissement naturel, le taux de natalité, le taux de reproduction net et le poids de la portée sont en relation allométrique avec la taille et, par conséquent, sont en interrelation.
African Journal of Ecology – Wiley
Published: Dec 1, 1979
Read and print from thousands of top scholarly journals.
Already have an account? Log in
Bookmark this article. You can see your Bookmarks on your DeepDyve Library.
To save an article, log in first, or sign up for a DeepDyve account if you don’t already have one.
Copy and paste the desired citation format or use the link below to download a file formatted for EndNote
Access the full text.
Sign up today, get DeepDyve free for 14 days.
All DeepDyve websites use cookies to improve your online experience. They were placed on your computer when you launched this website. You can change your cookie settings through your browser.