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Bat species richness and abundance in tropical rain forest fragments and in agricultural habitats at Los Tuxtlas, Mexico

Bat species richness and abundance in tropical rain forest fragments and in agricultural habitats... Estrada, A , Coates-Estrada, R and Mentt Jr , D 1993 Bat species nchness and abundance in tropical ram forest fragments and in agricultural habitats at Los Tuxtlas, Mexico - Eeography 16 309-318 Faced with the rapid and extensive conversion of tropical rain forests to pasture lands and agricultural fields and with the need to preserve the remaining mammahan fauna, it IS imperative to determine how the different speeies that form the mammalian community have responded to the anthropogenie alterations of their natural habitats To provide data in this direction, we sampled bats m 45 forest islands, m 20 agricultural habitats representing five types of vegetation (cocoa, coffee, mixed, citrus and allspice), in four live-fence sites and in four pasture sites at Los Tuxtlas, Veracruz, Mexico Samphng effort resulted in the capture of 2587 bats representing 35 species In forest habitats we detected 32 species We did not capture any bats at the four pasture sites, but the at the other agricultural habitats studied, we captured 38% of the bats and 77% of the species recorded Thirty-four percent of the species recorded were present at the live-fence habitats Isolating distance was an important vanable influencing species richness in forests and in agricultural habitats Only 10% of the species recorded occurred m all the habitats studied, but 77% ot the species occurred m a habitat other than ram forest Recaptures of bats indicated inter habitat movements in the fragmented landscape We discuss the conservation value for the bat fauna of agncultural islands of vegetation as elements reducing isolating distances among forest fragments A Estrada and R Coates-Estrada. Estacion de Biologia "Los Tuxtlas\ Inst de Biologia - UNAM, Apto postal 176, San Andres Tuxtlas, Veracruz, Mexico - D Meritt, Jr , Lincoln Park Zoo, 2200 N Cannon Dr , Chicago, IL, USA Tntrndiirtinn The transformation of tropical rain forests to pastures has resulted m the local and regional extinction of many species (Myers 1988) Fragmentation of tropical rain forest, a transitory stage in the process of total destruction, results in spatial, temporal and biotic isolation of plant and animal populations (Saunders et al 1991) Physical and biotic isolation results also in a deterioration of ecological conditions that gradually or rapidly become inadequate for the persistence of species (Lovejoy et al 1984, 1986, Saunders et al 1991) Members of the order Chiroptera are of particular lmportance in neotropical ram forests because they conAecepted 19 Apnl 1993 Copynght © ECOGRAPHY 1993 ISSN 0906-7590 Pnnted m Denmark - all nghts reserved ECOGRAPHY 16 4 (1993) stitute c 40-50% of the mammal species, greatly influencing the species richness and diversity of mammals in these ecosystems and through the acquisition of food, m the form of plant and animal matter, they participate in the recycling of nutrients and energy in the ecosystem (Fleming et al 1972) In addition, a large number of species consume nectar and great quantities of fruits (Bonaccorso and Gush 1987) and act as pollen and seed dispersal agents for a broad spectrum of plant species and are thus important not only in the reproductive phenology and in the population structure of plants, but also m the natural process of ram forest regeneration (Heithaus et al 1975, Heithaus 1982, Charles-Dominique 1986, Fleming 1988) Insectivorous bats may con- Ibarra. G and Smaca. S 1987 Listados floristicos de Mexico VII Estacion de Biologia Tropical Los Tuxtlas. Veracruz Instituto de Biologia. UNAM. Mexico City James. F C and Rathburn. S 1981 Rarefaction, relative abundance, and diversity of avian communities - Auk 98 785-800 References Johns. A D 1991 Responses of amazonian forest birds to Blake J G 1991 Nested subsets and the distribution of birds habitat modification - J Trop Ecol 7 471^37 in isolated woodlots - Cons Biol 5 58-66 Karr. J 1990 Avian survival rates and the extinction process Bonaccorso. F J 1979 Foraging and reproductive ecology in a on Barro Colorado Island. Panama - Cons Biol 4 391Panamanian bat community Bulletin of the Flonda State 397 Museum - Biological Sciences 24 359-408 Klein. B C 1989 Effects of forest fragmentation on dung and - and Gush. T J 1987 An experimental study of feeding carrion beetle communities in central amazonian - Ecolbehavior and foraging strategies of phyllostomid fruit bats ogy 70 1715-1725 - 1 Anim Ecol 56 907-920 Lovejoy. T E . Bierregraad. R O . Brown. K S Emmons. Charles-Dominique P 1991 Feeding strategy and activity L H and Van der Voort. M E 1984 Ecosystem decay of budget of the frugivorous bat Caroltia perspiciltata (Chiropamazon forest fragments - In Niteki. M H (ed ). Extinctera Phyllostomidae) in French Guyana - 1 Trop Ecol 7 tions Univ ot Chicago Press. Chicago, pp 295-325 243-256 - . Bierregaard. R O . Rylands A B . Malcom. J R . QuinCoates-Estrada. R and Estrada. A 1986 Manual de ldentiftela, C F . Harper L H Brown. K S . Powell, A H . icacion de campo de los mamiferos de la Estacion de BioloPowell G V N . Schubart. H O R and Hays. M B gia -Los Tuxtlas" - Inst Biol Dir Gen Publ . UNAM. 1986 Edge and other effects of isolation on amazon forest Mexico fragments - In Soule. M E (ed ). Conservation biology Dirzo R and Garcia. M C 1992 Rates of deforestation in a sciences of scarcity and diversity Sinauer Assoc . SunderLos Tuxtlas, a neotropical area in southern Mexico - Cons land, Massachusetts pp 257-285 Biol 6 84-90 Ludwig. J A and Reynolds. J F 1988 Statistical eeology Estrada. A and Coates-Estrada. R 1988 Tropical rain forest John Wiley and conversion and perspectives m the conservation of wild McNab. B K 1982 Sons. New York Evolutionary alternatives m the physiologprimates {Alouatta and Atetes) in Mexico - Am J Primat ical ecology of bats - In Kunz. T H (ed ). Ecology of 14 315-327 bats Plenum Publishing Corporation. New York, pp 151- and Coates-Estrada. R m press La Estacion de Biologia 196 Los Tuxtlas" a 25 anos de su fundacion semblanza his- Marihno-Filho. J S 1991 The coexistence of two frugivorous torica e lnformacion sobre sus actividades y logros - Inst bats species and the phenology of their food plants in BraBiol . Univ Nac Aut Mexico zil - J Trop Ecol 7 59-67 - . Coates-Estrada. R and Martinez. M 1985 La Estacion Mclntyre. S and Barret. G W 1992 Habitat variegation, an de Biologia "Los Tuxtlas" un recurso para el estudio y alternative to fragmentation - Cons 146-147 conservacion de las selvas del tropico hiimedo en Mexico - Miranda. F and Hernandez. X 1963 LosBiol 1de vegetacion Tipos In del Amo. S and Gomez-Pompa. A (eds). Regende Mexico y su clasificacion - Bol Soc Bot Mex 28 eracion de selvas II Instituto Nacional de lnvestigaciones 29-178 sobre Recursos Bioticos Editorial Alhambra Mexicana. Mornson, D W 1980 Foraging and day roostmg dynamics ot S A de C V Mexico, pp 379-393 canopy fruit bats - Oecologia 45 270-273 - . Coates-Estrada. R . Mentt. D . Montiel. S and Cunel, Myers. N 1988 Tropical forests much more than stocks of D in press Patterns of frugivore species richness and abunwood J Trop Ecol 4 209-221 dance in torest islands and in agricultural habitats at Los Newmark,- W D 1991 Tropical forest fragmentation and the Tuxtlas, Mexico - In Fleming. T H and Estrada. A local extinction of understory birds in the eastern Usam(eds). Frugivores and seed dispersal ecological and evolubasa Mountains. Tanzania - Cons Biol 5 67-78 tionary aspects Dr W Junk Publishers. Dordretch. The Orozco Segovia. A and Vazquez-Yanes C 1982 Plants and Netherlands fruit bat interactions in a tropical rain forest area, southFenton. M B and Fleming, T H 1976 Ecological interaceastern Mexico - Brenesia 19 137-149 tions between bats and nocturnal birds - Biotropica 8 Pennington. T D and Samkhan. J 1968 Arboles tropicales 104-110 de Mexico - Instituto de lnvestigaciones Forestales. Fleming, T H 1986 Opportunism versus specialization the Mexico D F evolution of feeding strategies in frugivorous bats - In Sazima, 1 1976 Observations on the feeding habits of phylEstrada. A and Fleming. T H (eds), Frugivores and seed lostomid bats (Carollia, Anoura and Vampyrops) in southdispersal Dr W Junk Publishers, Dordretch, The Nethereastern Brazil - J Mamm 57 381-382 lands, pp 1105-1118 Saunders, D A , Hobbs. R J and Margules. C R 1991 - 1988 The Short-tailed fruit bat The Univ of Chicago Biological consecuences of ecosystem fragmentation a rePress Chieago view - Cons Biol 5 18-32 - , Hooper, E T and Wilson. D E 1972 Three central Villa, B 1967 Los murcielagos de Mexico - Inst Biol . amencan bat communities structure, reproductive cycles UNAM. Mexico and movement patterns - Ecology 4 555-569 Walker, B H 1981 Is succession a viable concept in african Gardner, A L 1977 Feeding habits - In Baker, R J , Jones. savannah ecosystem'' - In West, D C , Shugart, H H and J K Jr and Carter. D C (eds). Biology of bats of the New Botkin. D B (eds). Forest succesion concepts and aplicaWorld family Phyllostomatidae Spee Publ Mus Texas tion Springer. New York, pp 431-447 Tech Umv , Lubboek 10 293-350 Wilhs. E O 1974 Populations and local extinctions of birds on Hall, E R 1981 The mammals of North America Vol 1 and Barro Colorado Island. Panama - Ecol Monogr 44 153II - John Wiley and Sons, New York 169 Heithaus, R E 1982 Coevolution between bats and plants - Zimmerman. B L and Bierregaard, R O 1986 Relevance of In Kunz, T H (ed ), Ecology of bats Plenum Publishing the equilibrium theory of island biogeography and speciesCompany, New York, pp 327-367 area relations to conservation with a case from amazonia - , Fleming, T H and Opler, P A 1975 Foraging patterns i Biogeogr 13 137-143 and resource utihzation in seven species of bats in a seasonal tropical forest - Ecology 4 841-854 Dept of Forest Management at The University of Maine tor the 1990 satelhte images ECOGRAPHY 16 4 (1993) http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png Ecography Wiley

Bat species richness and abundance in tropical rain forest fragments and in agricultural habitats at Los Tuxtlas, Mexico

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References (37)

Publisher
Wiley
Copyright
Copyright © 1993 Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company
ISSN
0906-7590
eISSN
1600-0587
DOI
10.1111/j.1600-0587.1993.tb00220.x
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Abstract

Estrada, A , Coates-Estrada, R and Mentt Jr , D 1993 Bat species nchness and abundance in tropical ram forest fragments and in agricultural habitats at Los Tuxtlas, Mexico - Eeography 16 309-318 Faced with the rapid and extensive conversion of tropical rain forests to pasture lands and agricultural fields and with the need to preserve the remaining mammahan fauna, it IS imperative to determine how the different speeies that form the mammalian community have responded to the anthropogenie alterations of their natural habitats To provide data in this direction, we sampled bats m 45 forest islands, m 20 agricultural habitats representing five types of vegetation (cocoa, coffee, mixed, citrus and allspice), in four live-fence sites and in four pasture sites at Los Tuxtlas, Veracruz, Mexico Samphng effort resulted in the capture of 2587 bats representing 35 species In forest habitats we detected 32 species We did not capture any bats at the four pasture sites, but the at the other agricultural habitats studied, we captured 38% of the bats and 77% of the species recorded Thirty-four percent of the species recorded were present at the live-fence habitats Isolating distance was an important vanable influencing species richness in forests and in agricultural habitats Only 10% of the species recorded occurred m all the habitats studied, but 77% ot the species occurred m a habitat other than ram forest Recaptures of bats indicated inter habitat movements in the fragmented landscape We discuss the conservation value for the bat fauna of agncultural islands of vegetation as elements reducing isolating distances among forest fragments A Estrada and R Coates-Estrada. Estacion de Biologia "Los Tuxtlas\ Inst de Biologia - UNAM, Apto postal 176, San Andres Tuxtlas, Veracruz, Mexico - D Meritt, Jr , Lincoln Park Zoo, 2200 N Cannon Dr , Chicago, IL, USA Tntrndiirtinn The transformation of tropical rain forests to pastures has resulted m the local and regional extinction of many species (Myers 1988) Fragmentation of tropical rain forest, a transitory stage in the process of total destruction, results in spatial, temporal and biotic isolation of plant and animal populations (Saunders et al 1991) Physical and biotic isolation results also in a deterioration of ecological conditions that gradually or rapidly become inadequate for the persistence of species (Lovejoy et al 1984, 1986, Saunders et al 1991) Members of the order Chiroptera are of particular lmportance in neotropical ram forests because they conAecepted 19 Apnl 1993 Copynght © ECOGRAPHY 1993 ISSN 0906-7590 Pnnted m Denmark - all nghts reserved ECOGRAPHY 16 4 (1993) stitute c 40-50% of the mammal species, greatly influencing the species richness and diversity of mammals in these ecosystems and through the acquisition of food, m the form of plant and animal matter, they participate in the recycling of nutrients and energy in the ecosystem (Fleming et al 1972) In addition, a large number of species consume nectar and great quantities of fruits (Bonaccorso and Gush 1987) and act as pollen and seed dispersal agents for a broad spectrum of plant species and are thus important not only in the reproductive phenology and in the population structure of plants, but also m the natural process of ram forest regeneration (Heithaus et al 1975, Heithaus 1982, Charles-Dominique 1986, Fleming 1988) Insectivorous bats may con- Ibarra. G and Smaca. S 1987 Listados floristicos de Mexico VII Estacion de Biologia Tropical Los Tuxtlas. Veracruz Instituto de Biologia. UNAM. Mexico City James. F C and Rathburn. S 1981 Rarefaction, relative abundance, and diversity of avian communities - Auk 98 785-800 References Johns. A D 1991 Responses of amazonian forest birds to Blake J G 1991 Nested subsets and the distribution of birds habitat modification - J Trop Ecol 7 471^37 in isolated woodlots - Cons Biol 5 58-66 Karr. J 1990 Avian survival rates and the extinction process Bonaccorso. F J 1979 Foraging and reproductive ecology in a on Barro Colorado Island. Panama - Cons Biol 4 391Panamanian bat community Bulletin of the Flonda State 397 Museum - Biological Sciences 24 359-408 Klein. B C 1989 Effects of forest fragmentation on dung and - and Gush. T J 1987 An experimental study of feeding carrion beetle communities in central amazonian - Ecolbehavior and foraging strategies of phyllostomid fruit bats ogy 70 1715-1725 - 1 Anim Ecol 56 907-920 Lovejoy. T E . Bierregraad. R O . Brown. K S Emmons. Charles-Dominique P 1991 Feeding strategy and activity L H and Van der Voort. M E 1984 Ecosystem decay of budget of the frugivorous bat Caroltia perspiciltata (Chiropamazon forest fragments - In Niteki. M H (ed ). Extinctera Phyllostomidae) in French Guyana - 1 Trop Ecol 7 tions Univ ot Chicago Press. Chicago, pp 295-325 243-256 - . Bierregaard. R O . Rylands A B . Malcom. J R . QuinCoates-Estrada. R and Estrada. A 1986 Manual de ldentiftela, C F . Harper L H Brown. K S . Powell, A H . icacion de campo de los mamiferos de la Estacion de BioloPowell G V N . Schubart. H O R and Hays. M B gia -Los Tuxtlas" - Inst Biol Dir Gen Publ . UNAM. 1986 Edge and other effects of isolation on amazon forest Mexico fragments - In Soule. M E (ed ). Conservation biology Dirzo R and Garcia. M C 1992 Rates of deforestation in a sciences of scarcity and diversity Sinauer Assoc . SunderLos Tuxtlas, a neotropical area in southern Mexico - Cons land, Massachusetts pp 257-285 Biol 6 84-90 Ludwig. J A and Reynolds. J F 1988 Statistical eeology Estrada. A and Coates-Estrada. R 1988 Tropical rain forest John Wiley and conversion and perspectives m the conservation of wild McNab. B K 1982 Sons. New York Evolutionary alternatives m the physiologprimates {Alouatta and Atetes) in Mexico - Am J Primat ical ecology of bats - In Kunz. T H (ed ). Ecology of 14 315-327 bats Plenum Publishing Corporation. New York, pp 151- and Coates-Estrada. R m press La Estacion de Biologia 196 Los Tuxtlas" a 25 anos de su fundacion semblanza his- Marihno-Filho. J S 1991 The coexistence of two frugivorous torica e lnformacion sobre sus actividades y logros - Inst bats species and the phenology of their food plants in BraBiol . Univ Nac Aut Mexico zil - J Trop Ecol 7 59-67 - . Coates-Estrada. R and Martinez. M 1985 La Estacion Mclntyre. S and Barret. G W 1992 Habitat variegation, an de Biologia "Los Tuxtlas" un recurso para el estudio y alternative to fragmentation - Cons 146-147 conservacion de las selvas del tropico hiimedo en Mexico - Miranda. F and Hernandez. X 1963 LosBiol 1de vegetacion Tipos In del Amo. S and Gomez-Pompa. A (eds). Regende Mexico y su clasificacion - Bol Soc Bot Mex 28 eracion de selvas II Instituto Nacional de lnvestigaciones 29-178 sobre Recursos Bioticos Editorial Alhambra Mexicana. Mornson, D W 1980 Foraging and day roostmg dynamics ot S A de C V Mexico, pp 379-393 canopy fruit bats - Oecologia 45 270-273 - . Coates-Estrada. R . Mentt. D . Montiel. S and Cunel, Myers. N 1988 Tropical forests much more than stocks of D in press Patterns of frugivore species richness and abunwood J Trop Ecol 4 209-221 dance in torest islands and in agricultural habitats at Los Newmark,- W D 1991 Tropical forest fragmentation and the Tuxtlas, Mexico - In Fleming. T H and Estrada. A local extinction of understory birds in the eastern Usam(eds). Frugivores and seed dispersal ecological and evolubasa Mountains. Tanzania - Cons Biol 5 67-78 tionary aspects Dr W Junk Publishers. Dordretch. The Orozco Segovia. A and Vazquez-Yanes C 1982 Plants and Netherlands fruit bat interactions in a tropical rain forest area, southFenton. M B and Fleming, T H 1976 Ecological interaceastern Mexico - Brenesia 19 137-149 tions between bats and nocturnal birds - Biotropica 8 Pennington. T D and Samkhan. J 1968 Arboles tropicales 104-110 de Mexico - Instituto de lnvestigaciones Forestales. Fleming, T H 1986 Opportunism versus specialization the Mexico D F evolution of feeding strategies in frugivorous bats - In Sazima, 1 1976 Observations on the feeding habits of phylEstrada. A and Fleming. T H (eds), Frugivores and seed lostomid bats (Carollia, Anoura and Vampyrops) in southdispersal Dr W Junk Publishers, Dordretch, The Nethereastern Brazil - J Mamm 57 381-382 lands, pp 1105-1118 Saunders, D A , Hobbs. R J and Margules. C R 1991 - 1988 The Short-tailed fruit bat The Univ of Chicago Biological consecuences of ecosystem fragmentation a rePress Chieago view - Cons Biol 5 18-32 - , Hooper, E T and Wilson. D E 1972 Three central Villa, B 1967 Los murcielagos de Mexico - Inst Biol . amencan bat communities structure, reproductive cycles UNAM. Mexico and movement patterns - Ecology 4 555-569 Walker, B H 1981 Is succession a viable concept in african Gardner, A L 1977 Feeding habits - In Baker, R J , Jones. savannah ecosystem'' - In West, D C , Shugart, H H and J K Jr and Carter. D C (eds). Biology of bats of the New Botkin. D B (eds). Forest succesion concepts and aplicaWorld family Phyllostomatidae Spee Publ Mus Texas tion Springer. New York, pp 431-447 Tech Umv , Lubboek 10 293-350 Wilhs. E O 1974 Populations and local extinctions of birds on Hall, E R 1981 The mammals of North America Vol 1 and Barro Colorado Island. Panama - Ecol Monogr 44 153II - John Wiley and Sons, New York 169 Heithaus, R E 1982 Coevolution between bats and plants - Zimmerman. B L and Bierregaard, R O 1986 Relevance of In Kunz, T H (ed ), Ecology of bats Plenum Publishing the equilibrium theory of island biogeography and speciesCompany, New York, pp 327-367 area relations to conservation with a case from amazonia - , Fleming, T H and Opler, P A 1975 Foraging patterns i Biogeogr 13 137-143 and resource utihzation in seven species of bats in a seasonal tropical forest - Ecology 4 841-854 Dept of Forest Management at The University of Maine tor the 1990 satelhte images ECOGRAPHY 16 4 (1993)

Journal

Ecography – Wiley

Published: Oct 1, 1993

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