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In North America’s Great Basin Desert changes in plant communities that occurred after the introduction of domestic livestock in the late 1800s resulted in the irruption of mule deer (Ocodoileus hemionus) and expansion of mountain lions ( Felis concolor). We report on a situation in which mountain lion predation caused the near‐extinction of another native species, porcupines ( Erethizon dorsatum). We used demographic information collected over 8 years on an individually identified population and long term climatic data in a stochastic population model to examine the hypothesis that predation and not weather‐induced starvation or random population fluctuations threatened the persistence of a naturally small population of porcupines. Whether drought‐related reductions in mule deer densities induced mountain lions to prey on porcupines is unclear, but our results suggest predation and not climatic conditions caused the decline of a once robust population of over 80 to <5 animals in only 3 years. These data represent an unusual case in which predation by a native predator caused the near‐extinction of a native prey species, suggesting that one unforeseen consequence of ecosystem change in western North America may be the impending loss of small, native vertebrate populations. Cuasi‐extinción de Puercoespines por Pumas y Consecuencias del Cambio en el Ecosistema del Desierto Great Basin Los cambios ocurridos en las comunidades vegetales del Desierto Great Basin en Norteamérica después de la introducción de ganado a fines del siglo pasado resultaron en la irrupción del venado bura (Odocoileus hemionus) y en la ezpansión del puma ( Felis concolor). Este trabajo reporta un caso en el que la depredación por pumas casi causó la extinción de otra especie nativa, el puercoespín ( Erethizon dorsatum). Utilizamos información demográfica de una población individual obtenida a lo largo de 8 años así como datos climáticos de varios años en un modelo estocástico de la población para examinar la hipótesis de que la persistencia de poblaciones naturalmente pequeñas de puercoespines estaba amenazada por la depredación y no por hambruna ni por fluctuaciones poblacionales aleatorias. No es claro si la reducción en la densidad de venado bura asociada a períodos de sequía indujo a los pumas a depredar puercoespines, pero nuestros resultados sugieren que la depredación y no las condiciones climáticas, provocó la declinación de una población robusta de mas de 80 animales a menos de 5 en solo tres años. Estos datos representan un caso inusual en el que la depredación por una especie nativa casi causó la extinción de una especie‐presa nativa, lo que sugiere que una consecuencia no prevista de los cambios en los ecosistemas de Norteamérica occidental puede ser la inminente pérdida de poblaciones pequeñas de vertebrados nativos.
Conservation Biology – Wiley
Published: Dec 2, 1997
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