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The nucleus is the most prominent cellular organelle, and its sharp boundaries suggest the compartmentalization of the nucleoplasm from the cytoplasm. However, the recent identification of evolutionarily conserved linkers of the nucleoskeleton to the cytoskeleton (LINC) complexes, a family of macromolecular assemblies that span the double membrane of the nuclear envelope, reveals tight physical connections between the two compartments. Here, we review the structure and evolutionary conservation of SUN and KASH domain–containing proteins, whose interaction within the perinuclear space forms the “nuts and bolts” of LINC complexes. Moreover, we discuss the function of these complexes in nuclear, centrosomal, and chromosome dynamics, and their connection to human disease. Footnotes Abbreviations used in this paper: AchR acetylcholine receptor INM inner nuclear membrane KASH Klarsicht/ANC-1/Syne-1 homology LINC linkers of the nucleoskeleton to the cytoskeleton MTOC microtubule-organizing center NE nuclear envelope Nesprin NE spectrin ONM outer nuclear membrane SPB spindle pole body SUN Sad1/UNC-84 Syne synaptic NE . Submitted: 12 June 2009 Accepted: 28 July 2009
The Journal of Cell Biology – Rockefeller University Press
Published: Aug 24, 2009
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