Access the full text.
Sign up today, get DeepDyve free for 14 days.
B. Blomberg, C. Rudin, U. Storb (1991)
Identification and localization of an enhancer for the human lambda L chain Ig gene complex.Journal of immunology, 147 7
J. Michaelson, S. Giannini, B. Birshtein (1995)
Identification of 3' alpha-hs4, a novel Ig heavy chain enhancer element regulated at multiple stages of B cell differentiation.Nucleic acids research, 23 6
K. Siminovitch, A. Bakhshi, P. Goldman, S. Korsmeyer (1985)
A uniform deleting element mediates the loss of kappa genes in human B cells.Nature, 316 6025
Jane Ong, Sean Stevens, Robert Roeder, L. Eckhardt (1998)
3' IgH enhancer elements shift synergistic interactions during B cell development.Journal of immunology, 160 10
J. Michaelson, S. Giannini, B. Birshtein (1995)
Identification of 3α-hs4, a novel Ig heavy chain enhancer element regulated at multiple stages of B cell differentiationNucleic Acids Research, 23
S. Giannini, M. Singh, C. Calvo, G. Ding, B. Birshtein (1993)
DNA regions flanking the mouse Ig 3' alpha enhancer are differentially methylated and DNAase I hypersensitive during B cell differentiation.Journal of immunology, 150 5
J. Banerji, L. Olson, W. Schaffner (1983)
A lymphocyte-specific cellular enhancer is located downstream of the joining region in immunoglobulin heavy chain genesCell, 33
Gerd Pfeifer, Arthur Riggs (1991)
Chromatin differences between active and inactive X chromosomes revealed by genomic footprinting of permeabilized cells using DNase I and ligation-mediated PCR.Genes & development, 5 6
Klobeck Klobeck, Zachau Zachau (1986)
The human Cx gene segment and the x deleting element are closely linkedNucleic Acids Res., 14
Göran Roos, Alice Adams, B. Giovanella, Erik Lundgren, Kenneth Nilsson, I. Nordenson, C. Sundström (1982)
Establishment and characterization of a human EBV-negative B cell line (MN 60).Leukemia research, 6 5
H. Findley, M. Cooper, T. Kim, C. Alvarado, A. Ragab (1982)
Two new acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell lines with early B-cell phenotypes.Blood, 60 6
S. Takeda, Y.R. Zou, H. Bluethmann, D. Kitamura, U. Muller, K. Rajewsky (1993)
Deletion of the immunoglobulin kappa chain intron enhancer abolishes kappa chain gene rearrangement in cis but not lambda chain gene rearrangement in trans.The EMBO Journal, 12
K. Meyer, M. Neuberger (1989)
The immunoglobulin kappa locus contains a second, stronger B‐cell‐specific enhancer which is located downstream of the constant region.The EMBO Journal, 8
S. Pettersson, G. Cook, M. Brüggemann, G. Williams, M. Neuberger (1990)
A second B cell-specific enhancer 3' of the immunoglobulin heavy-chain locusNature, 344
Hildegard Asenbauer, H. Klobeck (1996)
Tissue‐specific deoxyribonuclease I‐hypersensitive sites in the vicinity of the immunoglobulin Cλ cluster of manEuropean Journal of Immunology, 26
G. Combriato, H. Klobeck (1991)
Vλ and Jλ‐Cλ gene segments of the human immunoglobulin λ light chain locus are separated by 14 kb and rearrange by a deletion mechanismEuropean Journal of Immunology, 21
Y. Xu, L. Davidson, F. Alt, D. Baltimore (1996)
Deletion of the Ig kappa light chain intronic enhancer/matrix attachment region impairs but does not abolish V kappa J kappa rearrangement.Immunity, 4 4
Melanie Sharpe, Cesar Milstein, J. Jarvis, M. Neuberger (1991)
Somatic hypermutation of immunoglobulin kappa may depend on sequences 3′ of C kappa and occurs on passenger transgenes.The EMBO Journal, 10
(1999)
recruitment of hypermutation: A role for both mar and the enhancers. EMBO J. 1997. 16: 3987–3994
U. Schneider, H. Schwenk, G. Bornkamm (1977)
Characterization of EBV‐genome negative “null” and “T” cell lines derived from children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and leukemic transformed non‐Hodgkin lymphomaInternational Journal of Cancer, 19
A. Betz, C. Milstein, Á. González-Fernández, R. Pannell, T. Larson, M. Neuberger (1994)
Elements regulating somatic hypermutation of an immunoglobulin κ gene: Critical role for the intron enhancer/matrix attachment regionCell, 77
Maria Roque, Patricia Smith, V. Blasquez (1996)
A developmentally modulated chromatin structure at the mouse immunoglobulin kappa 3' enhancerMolecular and Cellular Biology, 16
A. Polack, R. Feederle, G. Klobeck, Konstanze Hbrtnagell (1993)
Regulatory elements in the immunoglobulin kappa locus induce c‐myc activation and the promoter shift in Burkitt's lymphoma cells.The EMBO Journal, 12
J. Garcia, Lê Bich-Thuy, J. Stafford, G. Queen (1986)
Synergism between immunoglobulin enhancers and promotersNature, 322
L. Madisen, M. Groudine (1994)
Identification of a locus control region in the immunoglobulin heavy-chain locus that deregulates c-myc expression in plasmacytoma and Burkitt's lymphoma cells.Genes & development, 8 18
James Hagman, Charles Rudin, Deanna Haasch, David Chaplin, Ursula Storb (1990)
A novel enhancer in the immunoglobulin lambda locus is duplicated and functionally independent of NF kappa B.Genes & development, 4 6
Barry Sleckman, J. Gorman, Frederick Alt (1996)
Accessibility control of antigen-receptor variable-region gene assembly: role of cis-acting elements.Annual review of immunology, 14
H. Klobeck, H. Zachau (1986)
The human CK gene segment and the kappa deleting element are closely linked.Nucleic acids research, 14 11
B. Goyenechea, N. Klix, J. Yélamos, G. Williams, A. Riddell, M. Neuberger, C. Milstein (1997)
Cells strongly expressing Igκ transgenes show clonal recruitment of hypermutation: a role for both MAR and the enhancersThe EMBO Journal, 16
D. Picard, W. Schaffner (1984)
A lymphocyte-specific enhancer in the mouse immunoglobulin κ geneNature, 307
H. Klobeck, G. Combriato, H. Zachau (1984)
Immunoglobulin genes of the kappa light chain type from two human lymphoid cell lines are closely related.Nucleic acids research, 12 18
L. Pegoraro, L. Matera, J. Ritz, A. Levis, A. Palumbo, G. Biagini (1983)
Establishment of a Ph1-positive human cell line (BV173).Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 70 3
Grant MacGregor, C. Caskey (1989)
Construction of plasmids that express E. coli beta-galactosidase in mammalian cells.Nucleic acids research, 17 6
N. Stoep, J. Gorman, F. Alt (1998)
Reevaluation of 3'Ekappa function in stage- and lineage-specific rearrangement and somatic hypermutation.Immunity, 8 6
Falko Falkner, Hans Zachau (1984)
Correct transcription of an immunoglobulin κ gene requires an upstream fragment containing conserved sequence elementsNature, 310
G. Yancopoulos, F. Alt (1986)
Regulation of the assembly and expression of variable-region genes.Annual review of immunology, 4
Yang Xu, L. Davidson, F. Alt, D. Baltimore (1996)
Deletion of the Igκ Light Chain Intronic Enhancer/Matrix Attachment Region Impairs but Does Not Abolish VκJκ RearrangementImmunity, 4
S. Gillies, S. Morrison, V. Oi, S. Tonegawa (1983)
A tissue-specific transcription enhancer element is located in the major intron of a rearranged immunoglobulin heavy chain geneCell, 33
R. Hurwitz, J. Hozier, T. Lebien, J. Minowada, K. Gajl-Peczalska, I. Kubonishi, J. Kersey (1979)
Characterization of a leukemic cell line of the pre‐B phenotypeInternational Journal of Cancer, 23
P. Matthias, D. Baltimore (1993)
The immunoglobulin heavy chain locus contains another B-cell-specific 3' enhancer close to the alpha constant regionMolecular and Cellular Biology, 13
E. Klein, George Klein, J. Nadkarni, J. Nadkarni, H. Wigzell, P. Clifford (1968)
Surface IgM-kappa specificity on a Burkitt lymphoma cell in vivo and in derived culture lines.Cancer research, 28 7
H. Potter, L. Weir, P. Leder (1984)
Enhancer-dependent expression of human kappa immunoglobulin genes introduced into mouse pre-B lymphocytes by electroporation.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 81 22
D. Picard, W. Schaffner (1984)
A lymphocyte-specific enhancer in the mouse immunoglobulin kappa gene.Nature, 307 5946
N. Klix, C. Jolly, S. Davies, M. Brüggemann, G. Williams, M. Neuberger (1998)
Multiple sequences from downstream of the Jκ cluster can combine to recruit somatic hypermutation to a heterologous, upstream mutation domainEuropean Journal of Immunology, 28
Chester Huang, Y. Hou, L. Woods, George Moore, Jun Minowada (1974)
Cytogenetic study of human lymphoid T-cell lines derived from lymphocytic leukemia.Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 53 3
J. Gorman, N. Stoep, R. Monroe, M. Cogné, L. Davidson, F. Alt (1996)
The Igκ 3′ Enhancer Influences the Ratio of Igκ versus Igλ B LymphocytesImmunity, 5
R. Fulton, B. Ness (1993)
Kappa immunoglobulin promoters and enhancers display developmentally controlled interactions.Nucleic acids research, 21 21
V(D)J rearrangement, high level expression and somatic hypermutation of assembled Ig genes is tightly controlled by a number of regulatory sequence elements located in the vicinity of the J‐, (D)‐, and C‐gene segments. During B cell maturation these elements become accessible to binding of trans‐acting factors, reflecting the opening of the chromatin structure through an as yet unidentified mechanism. The mapping of regions of an altered chromatin structure (DNase I hypersensitivity) therefore is a powerful approach in identifying regulatory sequence elements. We here show that the human Igλ enhancer consists of three modules previously identified by us as DNase I‐hypersensitive sites HSS‐1, ‐2, and ‐3. The three sequence elements synergize in transcriptional activation of a reporter gene and together constitute a powerful tissue‐specific enhancer which is a much stronger transcriptional activator than the κ enhancers alone or in combination. We further show that the accessibility of the κ and λ enhancer elements for DNase I in the chromatin of a pre‐B cell line (207) correlates with the transcriptional enhancer activities of κ and λ enhancer constructs. This finding is in support of an ordered model for Ig light chain activation (κ before λ).
European Journal of Immunology – Wiley
Published: Feb 1, 1999
Read and print from thousands of top scholarly journals.
Already have an account? Log in
Bookmark this article. You can see your Bookmarks on your DeepDyve Library.
To save an article, log in first, or sign up for a DeepDyve account if you don’t already have one.
Copy and paste the desired citation format or use the link below to download a file formatted for EndNote
Access the full text.
Sign up today, get DeepDyve free for 14 days.
All DeepDyve websites use cookies to improve your online experience. They were placed on your computer when you launched this website. You can change your cookie settings through your browser.