Access the full text.
Sign up today, get DeepDyve free for 14 days.
C. Perrins (1978)
Birds of the Western PalearcticNature, 272
R. Reijnen, R. Foppen, Henk Meeuwsen (1996)
The effects of traffic on the density of breeding birds in Dutch agricultural grasslandsBiological Conservation, 75
J. Sheail, M. George (1993)
The Land Use, Ecology and Conservation of BroadlandThe Geographical Journal, 159
Jeremy Wilson, Julianne Evans, S. Browne, J. King (1997)
Territory distribution and breeding success of skylarks Alauda arvensis on organic and intensive farmland in southern EnglandJournal of Applied Ecology, 34
D. Baines (1990)
The roles of predation, food and agricultural practice in determining the breeding success of the lapwing (Vanellus vanellus) on upland grasslandsJournal of Animal Ecology, 59
Thompson Thompson, Hale Hale (1989)
Breeding site fidelity and natal philopatry in the redshank Tringa totanusIbis, 131
G. Siriwardena, S. Baillie, S. Buckland, R. Fewster, J. Marchant, Jeremy Wilson (1998)
Trends in the abundance of farmland birds: a quantitative comparison of smoothed Common Birds Census indicesJournal of Applied Ecology, 35
A. Beintema, G. Muskens (1987)
Nesting success of birds breeding in dutch agricultural grasslandsJournal of Applied Ecology, 24
Everett Everett (1987)
The Elmley experimentRSPB Conservation Review, 1
N. Breslow, D. Clayton (1993)
Approximate inference in generalized linear mixed modelsJournal of the American Statistical Association, 88
D. Robinson (1987)
Estimation and Use of Variance Components
T. Milsom, D. Ennis, D. Haskell, S. Langton, H. Mckay (1998)
Design of grassland feeding areas for waders during winter : The relative importance of sward, landscape factors and human disturbanceBiological Conservation, 84
K. Norris, E. Brindley, T. Cook, Stephen Babbs, C. Brown, R. Yaxley (1998)
Is the density of redshank Tringa totanus nesting on saltmarshes in Great Britain declining due to changes in grazing managementJournal of Applied Ecology, 35
R. Green (1988)
EFFECTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS ON THE TIMING AND SUCCESS OF BREEDING OF COMMON SNIPE GALLINAGO GALLINAGO (AVES: SCOLOPACIDAE)Journal of Applied Ecology, 25
J. Vickery, W. Sutherland, M. O’Brien, A. Watkinson, A. Yallop (1997)
Managing coastal grazing marshes for breeding waders and over wintering geese: Is there a conflict?Biological Conservation, 79
N. Moore, R. Fuller (1983)
Bird Habitats in Britain.Journal of Applied Ecology, 20
L. Rogers, R. Delahay, C. Cheeseman, S. Langton, G. Smith, R. Clifton-Hadley (1998)
Movement of badgers (Meles meles) in a high–density population: individual, population and disease effectsProceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences, 265
B. Everitt, B. Everitt (1995)
The Cambridge Dictionary of Statistics in the Medical Sciences
H. Mckay, S. Langton, T. Milsom, C. Feare (1996)
Prediction of field use by brent geese; an aid to managementCrop Protection, 15
T. Larsson (1969)
Land Use and Bird Fauna on Shores in Southern SwedenOikos, 20
J. Goss‐Custard, S. Durell, S. Mcgrorty, C. Reading, R. Clarke (1981)
FACTORS AFFECTING THE OCCUPATION OF MUSSEL (MYTILUS EDULIS) BEDS BY OYSTERCATCHERS (HAEMATOPUS OSTRALEGUS) ON THE EXE ESTUARY, DEVON
T. Parish, K. Lakhani, T. Sparks (1994)
Modelling the Relationship Between Bird Population Variables and Hedgerow and Other Field Margin Attributes. I. Species Richness of Winter, Summer and Breeding BirdsJournal of Applied Ecology, 31
T. Reed, C. Barrett, J. Barrett, S. Hayhow, B. Minshull (1985)
Diurnal variability in the detection of waders on their breeding groundsBird Study, 32
Thompson Thompson, Baines Baines, Coulson Coulson, Longrigg Longrigg (1994)
Age at first breeding, philopatry and breeding site‐fidelity in the lapwing Vanellus vanellusIbis, 136
Soikkeli Soikkeli, Salo Salo (1979)
The bird fauna of abandoned shore pasturesOrnis Fennica, 56
D. Chamberlain, R. Gregory (1999)
Coarse and fine-scale habitat associations of breeding Skylarks Alauda arvensis in the UK.Bird Study, 46
Green Green (1988)
Effects of environmental factors on the timing and success of breeding of common snipe ( Gallinago gallinago )Journal of Applied Ecology, 25
Ken Smith (1983)
The status and distribution of waders breeding on wet lowland grasslands in England and WalesBird Study, 30
Gwyn Williams, A. Henderson, Lucy Goldsmith, A. Spreadborough (1983)
The effects on birds of land drainage improvements in the North Kent Marshes, 34
Gibbons Gibbons, Avery Avery, Baillie Baillie, Gregory Gregory, Kirby Kirby, Porter Porter, Tucker Tucker, Williams Williams (1996)
Bird species of conservation concern in the United Kingdom, Channel Islands and the Isle of Man; revising the Red Data listRSPB Conservation Review, 10
Hodgson Hodgson, Mackie Mackie, Parker Parker (1986)
Sward surface heights for efficient grazingGrass Farmer, 24
S. Manel, J. Dias, S. Buckton, S. Ormerod (1999)
Alternative methods for predicting species distribution: an illustration with Himalayan river birdsJournal of Applied Ecology, 36
R. Green, P. Osborne, E. Sears (1994)
The distribution of Passerine birds in hedgerows during the breeding season in relation to characteristics of the hedgerow and adjacent farmlandJournal of Applied Ecology, 31
Gwyn Williams, M. Hall (1987)
The loss of coastal grazing marshes in south and east England, with special reference to east Essex, EnglandBiological Conservation, 39
Robins Robins (1981)
Effect of time of day on bird activityStudies in Avian Biology, 6
K. Norrdahl, E. Korpimäki (1998)
Fear in farmlands: how much does predator avoidance affect bird community structure?Journal of Avian Biology, 29
T. Milsom, R. Holditch, J. Rochard (1985)
Diurnal use of an airfield and adjacent agricultural habitats by lapwings Vanellus vanellusJournal of Applied Ecology, 22
J. Sharrock (1980)
The Atlas of Breeding Birds in Britain and Ireland
Self Self, O'brien O'brien, Hirons Hirons (1994)
Hydrological management for waterfowl on RSPB lowland wet grassland reservesRSPB Conservation Review, 8
P. Donald, A. Evans (1995)
Habitat selection and population size of Corn Buntings Miliaria calandra breeding in Britain in 1993Bird Study, 42
G. Bowman, L. Harris (1980)
Effect of Spatial Heterogeneity on Ground-Nest DepredationJournal of Wildlife Management, 44
C. Bibby, N. Burgess, D. Hill (1992)
Bird Census Techniques
Victoria Haigh (1990)
Environmentally sensitive areasLandscape and Urban Planning, 18
N. Augustin, M. Mugglestone, S. Buckland (1996)
An autologistic model for the spatial distribution of wildlifeJournal of Applied Ecology, 33
B. Verboom (1998)
The use of edge habitats by commuting and foraging bats.
1. Coastal grazing marshes comprise an important habitat for wetland biota but are threatened by agricultural intensification and conversion to arable farmland. In Britain, the Environmentally Sensitive Area (ESA) scheme addresses these problems by providing financial incentives to farmers to retain their grazing marshes, and to follow conservation management prescriptions. 2. A modelling approach was used to aid the development of management prescriptions for ground‐nesting birds in the North Kent Marshes ESA. This ESA contains the largest area of coastal grazing marsh remaining in England and Wales (c. 6500 ha) and supports nationally important breeding populations of lapwing Vanellus vanellus and redshank Tringa totanus. 3. Counts of ground‐nesting birds, and assessments of sward structure, surface topography and wetness, landscape structure and sources of human disturbance were made in 1995 and again in 1996, on 19 land‐holdings with a combined area of c. 3000 ha. The land‐holdings varied from nature reserves at one extreme to an intensive dairy farm at the other. 4. Models of relationship between the presence or absence of ground‐nesting birds and the grazing marsh habitat in each of c. 430 marshes were constructed using a generalized linear mixed modelling (GLMM) method. This is an extension to the conventional logistic regression approach, in which a random term is used to model differences in the proportion of marshes occupied on different land‐holdings. 5. The combined species models predicted that the probability of marshes being occupied by at least one ground‐nesting species increased concomitantly with the complexity of the grass sward and surface topography but decreased in the presence of hedgerows, roads and power lines. 6. Models were also prepared for each of the 10 most widespread species, including lapwing and redshank. Their composition differed between species. Variables describing the sward were included in models for five species: heterogeneity of sward height tended to be more important than mean sward height. Surface topography and wetness were important for waders and wildfowl but not for other species. Effects of boundaries, proximity to roads and power lines were included in some models and were negative in all cases. 7. Binomial GLMMs are useful for investigating habitat factors that affect the distribution of birds at two nested spatial scales, in this case fields (marshes) grouped within farms. Models of the type presented in this paper provide a framework for targeting of conservation management prescriptions for ground‐nesting birds at the field scale on the North Kent Marshes ESA and on lowland wet grassland elsewhere in Europe.
Journal of Applied Ecology – Wiley
Published: Oct 1, 2000
Read and print from thousands of top scholarly journals.
Already have an account? Log in
Bookmark this article. You can see your Bookmarks on your DeepDyve Library.
To save an article, log in first, or sign up for a DeepDyve account if you don’t already have one.
Copy and paste the desired citation format or use the link below to download a file formatted for EndNote
Access the full text.
Sign up today, get DeepDyve free for 14 days.
All DeepDyve websites use cookies to improve your online experience. They were placed on your computer when you launched this website. You can change your cookie settings through your browser.