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Depression During the Longitudinal Course of Schizophrenia

Depression During the Longitudinal Course of Schizophrenia This prospective research investigated the occurrence and persistence of depression during the longitudinal course of schizophrenia. The research goals were to (1) compare depression in schizophrenia with that in schizoaffective and major depressive disorders, (2) assess whether some schizophrenia patients are vulnerable to depression, and (3) assess the relationship of depression to posthospital adjustment in schizophrenia. A total of 70 schizophrenia, 31 schizoaffective depressed, 17 psychotic unipolar major depressed, and 69 nonpsychotic unipolar major depressed patients were assessed during hospitalization and prospectively assessed for depression, psychosis, and posthospital functioning at 4.5- and 7.5-year followups. A large number (30% to 40%) of schizophrenia patients evidenced full depressive syndromes at each followup, including a subgroup of patients who evidenced repeated depression. Even when considering the influence of psychosis on outcome, depression in schizophrenia was associated with poor overall outcome, work impairment, lower activity, dissatisfaction, and suicidal tendencies. During the post-acute phase assessed, neither the rates nor the severity of depressive syndromes differentiated depression in schizophrenia from schizodepressive or major depressive disorders. However, the depressed schizophrenia patients showed poorer posthospital adjustment in terms of less employment, more rehospitallzations, and more psychosis than the patients with primary major depression. The high prevalence of depression in schizophrenia warrants its incorporation into theory about the disorder. A continuum of vulnerability to depression contributes to the heterogeneity of schizophrenia, with some schizophrenia patients being prone to depression even years after the acute phase. Depression in schizophrenia is one factor, in addition to psychosis, associated with poor outcome and requires specific attention to the treatment strategies by psychiatrists. Key words Schizoaffective disorder major depression psychosis longitudinal study suicide employment rehospitalization © Oxford University Press « Previous | Next Article » Table of Contents This Article Schizophr Bull (1999) 25 (1): 157-172. » Abstract Free Full Text (PDF) Free Classifications Articles Services Article metrics Alert me when cited Alert me if corrected Find similar articles Similar articles in Web of Science Similar articles in PubMed Add to my archive Download citation Request Permissions Citing Articles Load citing article information Citing articles via CrossRef Citing articles via Scopus Citing articles via Web of Science Citing articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Sands, J. R. Articles by Harrow, M. Search for related content PubMed PubMed citation Articles by Sands, J. R. Articles by Harrow, M. Related Content Load related web page information Share Email this article CiteULike Delicious Facebook Google+ Mendeley Twitter What's this? Search this journal: Advanced » Current Issue November 2015 41 (6) Alert me to new issues The Journal About this journal Announcements Rights & Permissions The Bulletin in the News Dispatch date of the next issue We are mobile – find out more In Memoriam - Dr Wayne S. Fenton MD Journals Career Network Published in association with An Official Journal of the Schizophrenia International Research Society Impact factor: 8.450 5-Yr impact factor: 8.686 Editor-in-Chief William T. Carpenter View full editorial board For Authors Instructions to authors Online submission Self-archiving policy Submit a manuscript Open access options for authors - visit Oxford Open Alerting Services Email table of contents Email Advance Access CiteTrack XML RSS feed Corporate Services Advertising sales Reprints Supplements Classified Advertising var taxonomies = ("MED00810"); Most Most Read Effects of Toxoplasma on Human Behavior The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) for Schizophrenia Measuring Mental Illness Stigma The Dopamine Hypothesis of Schizophrenia: Version III--The Final Common Pathway Recovery From Schizophrenia: With Views of Psychiatrists, Psychologists, and Others Diagnosed With This Disorder » View all Most Read articles Most Cited The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) for Schizophrenia Neurocognitive Deficits and Functional Outcome in Schizophrenia: Are We Measuring the "Right Stuff"? The Dopamine Hypothesis of Schizophrenia: Version III--The Final Common Pathway The Quality of Life Scale: An Instrument for Rating the Schizophrenic Deficit Syndrome The Functional Significance of Social Cognition in Schizophrenia: A Review » View all Most Cited articles Disclaimer: Please note that abstracts for content published before 1996 were created through digital scanning and may therefore not exactly replicate the text of the original print issues. All efforts have been made to ensure accuracy, but the Publisher will not be held responsible for any remaining inaccuracies. If you require any further clarification, please contact our Customer Services Department. Online ISSN 1745-1701 - Print ISSN 0586-7614 Copyright © 2015 Maryland Psychiatric Research Center and Oxford University Press Oxford Journals Oxford University Press Site Map Privacy Policy Cookie Policy Legal Notices Frequently Asked Questions Other Oxford University Press sites: Oxford University Press Oxford Journals China Oxford Journals Japan Academic & Professional books Children's & Schools Books Dictionaries & Reference Dictionary of National Biography Digital Reference English Language Teaching Higher Education Textbooks International Education Unit Law Medicine Music Online Products & Publishing Oxford Bibliographies Online Oxford Dictionaries Online Oxford English Dictionary Oxford Language Dictionaries Online Oxford Scholarship Online Reference Rights and Permissions Resources for Retailers & Wholesalers Resources for the Healthcare Industry Very Short Introductions World's Classics function fnc_onDomLoaded() { var query_context = getQueryContext(); PF_initOIUnderbar(query_context,":QS:default","","JRN"); PF_insertOIUnderbar(0); }; if (window.addEventListener) { window.addEventListener('load', fnc_onDomLoaded, false); } else if (window.attachEvent) { window.attachEvent('onload', fnc_onDomLoaded); } var gaJsHost = (("https:" == document.location.protocol) ? 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Depression During the Longitudinal Course of Schizophrenia

Schizophrenia Bulletin , Volume 25 (1) – Jan 1, 1999

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Publisher
Oxford University Press
Copyright
Copyright © 2015 Maryland Psychiatric Research Center and Oxford University Press
ISSN
0586-7614
eISSN
1745-1701
DOI
schizophreniabulletin;25/1/157
Publisher site
See Article on Publisher Site

Abstract

This prospective research investigated the occurrence and persistence of depression during the longitudinal course of schizophrenia. The research goals were to (1) compare depression in schizophrenia with that in schizoaffective and major depressive disorders, (2) assess whether some schizophrenia patients are vulnerable to depression, and (3) assess the relationship of depression to posthospital adjustment in schizophrenia. A total of 70 schizophrenia, 31 schizoaffective depressed, 17 psychotic unipolar major depressed, and 69 nonpsychotic unipolar major depressed patients were assessed during hospitalization and prospectively assessed for depression, psychosis, and posthospital functioning at 4.5- and 7.5-year followups. A large number (30% to 40%) of schizophrenia patients evidenced full depressive syndromes at each followup, including a subgroup of patients who evidenced repeated depression. Even when considering the influence of psychosis on outcome, depression in schizophrenia was associated with poor overall outcome, work impairment, lower activity, dissatisfaction, and suicidal tendencies. During the post-acute phase assessed, neither the rates nor the severity of depressive syndromes differentiated depression in schizophrenia from schizodepressive or major depressive disorders. However, the depressed schizophrenia patients showed poorer posthospital adjustment in terms of less employment, more rehospitallzations, and more psychosis than the patients with primary major depression. The high prevalence of depression in schizophrenia warrants its incorporation into theory about the disorder. A continuum of vulnerability to depression contributes to the heterogeneity of schizophrenia, with some schizophrenia patients being prone to depression even years after the acute phase. Depression in schizophrenia is one factor, in addition to psychosis, associated with poor outcome and requires specific attention to the treatment strategies by psychiatrists. Key words Schizoaffective disorder major depression psychosis longitudinal study suicide employment rehospitalization © Oxford University Press « Previous | Next Article » Table of Contents This Article Schizophr Bull (1999) 25 (1): 157-172. » Abstract Free Full Text (PDF) Free Classifications Articles Services Article metrics Alert me when cited Alert me if corrected Find similar articles Similar articles in Web of Science Similar articles in PubMed Add to my archive Download citation Request Permissions Citing Articles Load citing article information Citing articles via CrossRef Citing articles via Scopus Citing articles via Web of Science Citing articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Sands, J. R. Articles by Harrow, M. Search for related content PubMed PubMed citation Articles by Sands, J. R. Articles by Harrow, M. Related Content Load related web page information Share Email this article CiteULike Delicious Facebook Google+ Mendeley Twitter What's this? Search this journal: Advanced » Current Issue November 2015 41 (6) Alert me to new issues The Journal About this journal Announcements Rights & Permissions The Bulletin in the News Dispatch date of the next issue We are mobile – find out more In Memoriam - Dr Wayne S. Fenton MD Journals Career Network Published in association with An Official Journal of the Schizophrenia International Research Society Impact factor: 8.450 5-Yr impact factor: 8.686 Editor-in-Chief William T. Carpenter View full editorial board For Authors Instructions to authors Online submission Self-archiving policy Submit a manuscript Open access options for authors - visit Oxford Open Alerting Services Email table of contents Email Advance Access CiteTrack XML RSS feed Corporate Services Advertising sales Reprints Supplements Classified Advertising var taxonomies = ("MED00810"); Most Most Read Effects of Toxoplasma on Human Behavior The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) for Schizophrenia Measuring Mental Illness Stigma The Dopamine Hypothesis of Schizophrenia: Version III--The Final Common Pathway Recovery From Schizophrenia: With Views of Psychiatrists, Psychologists, and Others Diagnosed With This Disorder » View all Most Read articles Most Cited The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) for Schizophrenia Neurocognitive Deficits and Functional Outcome in Schizophrenia: Are We Measuring the "Right Stuff"? The Dopamine Hypothesis of Schizophrenia: Version III--The Final Common Pathway The Quality of Life Scale: An Instrument for Rating the Schizophrenic Deficit Syndrome The Functional Significance of Social Cognition in Schizophrenia: A Review » View all Most Cited articles Disclaimer: Please note that abstracts for content published before 1996 were created through digital scanning and may therefore not exactly replicate the text of the original print issues. All efforts have been made to ensure accuracy, but the Publisher will not be held responsible for any remaining inaccuracies. If you require any further clarification, please contact our Customer Services Department. Online ISSN 1745-1701 - Print ISSN 0586-7614 Copyright © 2015 Maryland Psychiatric Research Center and Oxford University Press Oxford Journals Oxford University Press Site Map Privacy Policy Cookie Policy Legal Notices Frequently Asked Questions Other Oxford University Press sites: Oxford University Press Oxford Journals China Oxford Journals Japan Academic & Professional books Children's & Schools Books Dictionaries & Reference Dictionary of National Biography Digital Reference English Language Teaching Higher Education Textbooks International Education Unit Law Medicine Music Online Products & Publishing Oxford Bibliographies Online Oxford Dictionaries Online Oxford English Dictionary Oxford Language Dictionaries Online Oxford Scholarship Online Reference Rights and Permissions Resources for Retailers & Wholesalers Resources for the Healthcare Industry Very Short Introductions World's Classics function fnc_onDomLoaded() { var query_context = getQueryContext(); PF_initOIUnderbar(query_context,":QS:default","","JRN"); PF_insertOIUnderbar(0); }; if (window.addEventListener) { window.addEventListener('load', fnc_onDomLoaded, false); } else if (window.attachEvent) { window.attachEvent('onload', fnc_onDomLoaded); } var gaJsHost = (("https:" == document.location.protocol) ? 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Journal

Schizophrenia BulletinOxford University Press

Published: Jan 1, 1999

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