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© Freund Publishing House Ltd., London Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology & Metabolism, 18, 1245-1251 (2005) Department of Pediatrics, University of Brussels, Brussels, Belgium and International Council for Control of Iodine Deficiency Disorders INTRODUCTION Iodine is a micronutrient present in the human body in minute amounts (15-20 mg), almost exclusively in the thyroid gland. Iodine is an essential component of the thyroid hormones, thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3), comprising 65% and 59% of their respective weights. Thyroid hormones, and therefore iodine, regulate many key biochemical reactions, especially protein synthesis and enzymatic activity. They also play a determining role in the process of early growth and development of most organs, especially that of the brain, which occurs in humans during the fetal and first 2-3 years of postnatal life. Consequently, iodine deficiency, if severe enough to affect thyroid hormone synthesis during this critical period, will result in hypothyroidism and brain damage. The clinical consequence will be irreversible mental retardation1. The dietary intake of iodine recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO), the United Nation Children's Fund (UNICEF) and the International Council for Control of Iodine Deficiency Disorders (ICCIDD)2, is 90 μg per day from 0-59 months, 120 μg/d from 6-12
Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism – de Gruyter
Published: Dec 1, 2005
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