Access the full text.
Sign up today, get DeepDyve free for 14 days.
W. Hall, W. Swift (2000)
The THC content of cannabis in Australia: evidence and implicationsAustralian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health, 24
W. Hall, L. Degenhardt, M. Teesson (2004)
Cannabis use and psychotic disorders: an update.Drug and alcohol review, 23 4
S. Lenton (2000)
Cannabis policy and the burden of proof: is it now beyond reasonable doubt that cannabis prohibition is not working?Drug and Alcohol Review, 19
W. Swift, J. Copeland, Wayne Hall (1998)
Choosing a diagnostic cut-off for cannabis dependence.Addiction, 93 11
H. Swadi (1999)
Individual risk factors for adolescent substance use.Drug and alcohol dependence, 55 3
D. Goldberg, Paul Williams (1988)
A user's guide to the General Health Questionnaire
W. Swift, Wayne Hall, Jan Copeland (2000)
One year follow-up of cannabis dependence among long-term users in Sydney, Australia.Drug and alcohol dependence, 59 3
L. Degenhardt, Wayne Hall, M. Lynskey (2001)
Alcohol, cannabis and tobacco use among Australians: a comparison of their associations with other drug use and use disorders, affective and anxiety disorders, and psychosis.Addiction, 96 11
Patton Patton, Coffey Coffey, Carlin Carlin, Degenhardt Degenhardt, Lynskey Lynskey, Hall Hall (2002)
Cannabis use and mental health in young people: cohort studyBritish Medical Journal, 325
Swadi Swadi (1999)
Individual risk factors in adolescent substance misuseDrug and Alcohol Dependence, 55
M. Arendt, P. Munk-Jørgensen (2004)
Heavy cannabis users seeking treatmentSocial Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 39
C. Coffey, J. Carlin, L. Degenhardt, M. Lynskey, L. Sanci, G. Patton (2002)
Cannabis dependence in young adults: an Australian population study.Addiction, 97 2
Wendy Swift, Wayne Hall, M. Teesson (2001)
Characteristics of DSM-IV and ICD-10 cannabis dependence among Australian adults: results from the National Survey of Mental Health and Wellbeing.Drug and alcohol dependence, 63 2
F. O'Callaghan, Noleen Sonderegger, S. Klag (2004)
Drug and crime cycle: Evaluating traditional methods versus diversion strategies for drug‐related offencesAustralian Psychologist, 39
A. Budney, B. Moore (2002)
Development and Consequences of Cannabis DependenceThe Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 42
Gossop Gossop, Darke Darke, Griffiths Griffiths, Hando Hando, Powis Powis, Hall Hall, Strang Strang (1995)
Psychometric properties of the SDS in English and Australian samples of heroin, cocaine and amphetamine usersAddiction, 90
Arendt Arendt, Munk‐Jorgensen Munk‐Jorgensen (2004)
Heavy cannabis users seeking treatment‐ prevalence of psychiatric disordersSocial Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 39
U. Werneke, D. Goldberg, I. Yalcin, Bedirhan Üstün (2000)
The stability of the factor structure of the General Health QuestionnairePsychological Medicine, 30
Swift Swift, Copeland Copeland, Hall Hall (1998)
Choosing a cut‐off for cannabis dependenceAddiction, 93
S. Lenton, R. Humeniuk, Penelope Heale, P. Christie (2000)
Infringement versus conviction: the social impact of a minor cannabis offence in South Australia and Western AustraliaDrug and Alcohol Review, 19
H. Nelson (2013)
Surgical innovationBritish Journal of Surgery, 100
D. Goldberg, R. Gater, N. Sartorius, T. Üstün, M. Piccinelli, O. Gureje, C. Rutter (1997)
The validity of two versions of the GHQ in the WHO study of mental illness in general health carePsychological Medicine, 27
M. Gossop, S. Darke, P. Griffiths, J. Hando, B. Powis, Wayne Hall, J. Strang (1995)
The Severity of Dependence Scale (SDS): psychometric properties of the SDS in English and Australian samples of heroin, cocaine and amphetamine users.Addiction, 90 5
D. Fergusson, N. Swain-Campbell, L. Horwood (2003)
Arrests and convictions for cannabis related offences in a New Zealand birth cohort.Drug and alcohol dependence, 70 1
D. Fergusson, L. Horwood, N. Swain-Campbell (2002)
Cannabis use and psychosocial adjustment in adolescence and young adulthood.Addiction, 97 9
R. McGee, Sheila Williams, R. Poulton, T. Moffitt (2000)
A longitudinal study of cannabis use and mental health from adolescence to early adulthood.Addiction, 95 4
J. Copeland, W. Swift, R. Roffman, R. Stephens (2001)
A randomized controlled trial of brief cognitive-behavioral interventions for cannabis use disorder.Journal of substance abuse treatment, 21 2
Background Use of cannabis and other mind‐altering drugs may be associated with violence or other offending behaviours. In many countries mere possession of the drug may be sufficient to lead to a criminal conviction and, therefore, a criminal record. Recent legal and policy reforms in Australia have led to development of cannabis diversion programmes. Objective To describe substance misuse patterns and health perception in a consecutive series of young people in Queensland who were spared a criminal record because of a cannabis diversion scheme. Method Between 9 July 2001 and 24 August 2004, 640 men and 187 women were diverted through the Queensland Illicit Drug Diversion Initiative (QIDDI) for treatment at a hospital alcohol and drug service. In this cross‐sectional study of their drug use history, participants also completed the Severity of Dependence Scale (SDS) for cannabis and the General Health Questionnaire‐28 (GHQ‐28). Results Almost 60% of participants were cannabis dependent (as determined by the SDS). Polysubstance use was also more prevalent amongst dependent participants. Self‐reported health (GHQ‐28) was poorer than expected from Australian normative data, and worse if participants were cannabis dependent. Applying the GHQ‐28 threshold for psychiatric case identification (caseness), cannabis dependent participants had significantly higher level of caseness across all subscales of somatic concerns, anxiety, social dysfunction and depression. Dependent women registered the highest proportion of psychopathology, particularly anxiety and social dysfunction. Conclusions Young cannabis users in Queensland who come into contact with the police are more likely than not to be dependent on the drug. Their high levels of psychopathology suggest that they are better placed in healthcare rather than the criminal justice system, and that appropriately responsive mental healthcare programmes are needed. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health – Wiley
Published: Dec 1, 2005
Read and print from thousands of top scholarly journals.
Already have an account? Log in
Bookmark this article. You can see your Bookmarks on your DeepDyve Library.
To save an article, log in first, or sign up for a DeepDyve account if you don’t already have one.
Copy and paste the desired citation format or use the link below to download a file formatted for EndNote
Access the full text.
Sign up today, get DeepDyve free for 14 days.
All DeepDyve websites use cookies to improve your online experience. They were placed on your computer when you launched this website. You can change your cookie settings through your browser.