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of cleavable cross-links, and solid phase reversible removal of specific proteins from biological systems. Space limitations necessitate mention of only the most recent findings, including significant unpublished results, with little background discussion and only brief critical appraisal. Varieties of Transglutaminases Transglutaminase activity is found to be widespread in cells and body fluids of a number of mammals (3-5). Table 1 presents a brief summary of selected distinguishing characteristics of those transglutaminases recognized to date in mammalian systems. The finding of the E-(y-glutamyl)lysine bond in an impressive array of other organisms implies a wide distribution of en zymes capable of catalyzing formation of this bond (11). Aside from the partial characterization of an enzyme of lobster muscle that catalyzes coagulation of the blood of these crustaceans (12) and one from Limulus lysate that is involved in stabilization of the soft clot in these crabs (13), enzymes from organisms other than mammals have not been studied. The nomenclature for the enzymes given in Table 1 will be used here. The shortcomings and imprecisions of the names used were discussed in detail earlier (1). Common usage, however, has ascribed meaning to the terms. Table 1 Properties, distribution, and functions of mammalian
Annual Review of Biochemistry – Annual Reviews
Published: Jul 1, 1980
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