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AMP-activated protein kinase, a metabolic master switch: possible roles in Type 2 diabetes

AMP-activated protein kinase, a metabolic master switch: possible roles in Type 2 diabetes Abstract Adenosine 5′-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) now appears to be a metabolic master switch, phosphorylating key target proteins that control flux through metabolic pathways of hepatic ketogenesis, cholesterol synthesis, lipogenesis, and triglyceride synthesis, adipocyte lipolysis, and skeletal muscle fatty acid oxidation. Recent evidence also implicates AMPK as being responsible for mediating the stimulation of glucose uptake induced by muscle contraction. In addition, the secretion of insulin by insulin secreting (INS-1) cells in culture is modulated by AMPK activation. The net effect of AMPK activation is stimulation of hepatic fatty acid oxidation and ketogenesis, inhibition of cholesterol synthesis, lipogenesis, and triglyceride synthesis, inhibition of adipocyte lipolysis and lipogenesis, stimulation of skeletal muscle fatty acid oxidation and muscle glucose uptake, and modulation of insulin secretion by pancreatic β-cells. In skeletal muscle, AMPK is activated by contraction. Type 2 diabetes mellitus is likely to be a disease of numerous etiologies. However, defects or disuse (due to a sedentary lifestyle) of the AMPK signaling system would be predicted to result in many of the metabolic perturbations observed in Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Increased recruitment of the AMPK signaling system, either by exercise or pharmaceutical activators, may be effective in correcting insulin resistance in patients with forms of impaired glucose tolerance and Type 2 diabetes resulting from defects in the insulin signaling cascade. adenosine 5′-monophosphate-activated protein kinase kinase fatty acid oxidation glucose uptake GLUT-4 insulin insensitivity malonylcoenzyme A Footnotes Address for reprint requests and other correspondence: W. W. Winder, Dept. of Zoology, 545 WIDB, Brigham Young Univ., Provo, UT 84602 ( william_winder@byu.edu ). The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. The article must therefore be hereby marked “ advertisement ” in accordance with 18 U.S.C. §1734 solely to indicate this fact. Copyright © 1999 the American Physiological Society http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png AJP - Endocrinology and Metabolism The American Physiological Society

AMP-activated protein kinase, a metabolic master switch: possible roles in Type 2 diabetes

Winder, W. W.; Hardie, D. G.
AJP - Endocrinology and Metabolism , Volume 277 (1): E1 – Jul 1, 1999
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Publisher
The American Physiological Society
Copyright
Copyright © 2011 the American Physiological Society
ISSN
0193-1849
eISSN
1522-1555
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Abstract

Abstract Adenosine 5′-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) now appears to be a metabolic master switch, phosphorylating key target proteins that control flux through metabolic pathways of hepatic ketogenesis, cholesterol synthesis, lipogenesis, and triglyceride synthesis, adipocyte lipolysis, and skeletal muscle fatty acid oxidation. Recent evidence also implicates AMPK as being responsible for mediating the stimulation of glucose uptake induced by muscle contraction. In addition, the secretion of insulin by insulin secreting (INS-1) cells in culture is modulated by AMPK activation. The net effect of AMPK activation is stimulation of hepatic fatty acid oxidation and ketogenesis, inhibition of cholesterol synthesis, lipogenesis, and triglyceride synthesis, inhibition of adipocyte lipolysis and lipogenesis, stimulation of skeletal muscle fatty acid oxidation and muscle glucose uptake, and modulation of insulin secretion by pancreatic β-cells. In skeletal muscle, AMPK is activated by contraction. Type 2 diabetes mellitus is likely to be a disease of numerous etiologies. However, defects or disuse (due to a sedentary lifestyle) of the AMPK signaling system would be predicted to result in many of the metabolic perturbations observed in Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Increased recruitment of the AMPK signaling system, either by exercise or pharmaceutical activators, may be effective in correcting insulin resistance in patients with forms of impaired glucose tolerance and Type 2 diabetes resulting from defects in the insulin signaling cascade. adenosine 5′-monophosphate-activated protein kinase kinase fatty acid oxidation glucose uptake GLUT-4 insulin insensitivity malonylcoenzyme A Footnotes Address for reprint requests and other correspondence: W. W. Winder, Dept. of Zoology, 545 WIDB, Brigham Young Univ., Provo, UT 84602 ( william_winder@byu.edu ). The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. The article must therefore be hereby marked “ advertisement ” in accordance with 18 U.S.C. §1734 solely to indicate this fact. Copyright © 1999 the American Physiological Society

Journal

AJP - Endocrinology and Metabolism – The American Physiological Society

Published: Jul 1, 1999

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