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- Publisher
- Springer Journals
- Copyright
- Copyright © 1997 by Plenum Publishing Corporation
- Subject
- Psychology; Personality & Social Psychology; Sexual Behavior; Interdisciplinary Studies; Sociology; Anthropology
- ISSN
- 0360-0025
- eISSN
- 1573-2762
- DOI
- 10.1007/BF02766650
- Publisher site
- See Article on Publisher Site
Abstract
Sixty-three samples providing single-sex means on the Bem Sex-Role Inventory [BSRI; S. L. Bem (1974) “The Measurement of Psychological Androgyny,”Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, Vol. 42, pp. 155–162] and 40 reporting similar data on the Personal Attributes Questionnaire [PAQ; J. T. Spence and R. L. Helmreich (1978)Masculinity and Feminity, Austin University of Texas Press] for American undergraduates were located and analyzed. Women’s scores on the BSRI-M and PAQ-M (masculine) scales have increased steadily over time (r’s = .74 and .43, respectively). Women’s BSRI-F and PAQ-F (feminine) scale scores do not correlate with year. Men’s BSRI-M scores show a weaker positive relationship with year of administration (r = .47). The effect size for sex differences on the BSRI-M has also changed over time, showing a significant decrease over the twenty-year period. The results suggest that cultural change and environment may affect individual personalities; these changes in BSRI and PAQ means demonstrate women’s increased endorsement of masculine-stereotyped traits and men’s continued nonendorsement of feminine-steretyped traits.
Journal
Sex Roles – Springer Journals
Published: Nov 24, 2007