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Channel network source representation using digital elevation models

Channel network source representation using digital elevation models Methods for identifying the size, or scale, of hillslopes and the extent of channel networks from digital elevation models (DEMs) are examined critically. We show that a constant critical support area, the method most commonly used at present for channel network extraction from DEMs, is more appropriate for depicting the hillslope/valley transition than for identifying channel heads. Analysis of high‐resolution DEMs confirms that a constant contributing area per unit contour length defines the extent of divergent topography, or the hillslope scale, although there is considerable variance about the average value. In even moderately steep topography, however, a DEM resolution finer than the typical 30 m by 30 m grid size is required to accurately resolve the hillslope/valley transition. For many soil‐mantled landscapes, a slope‐dependent critical support area is both theoretically and empirically more appropriate for defining the extent of channel networks. Implementing this method for overland flow erosion requires knowledge of an appropriate proportionality constant for the drainage area‐slope threshold controlling channel initiation. Several methods for estimating this constant from DEM data are examined, but acquisition of even limited field data is recommended. Finally, the hypothesis is proposed that an inflection in the drainage area‐slope relation for mountain drainage basins reflects a transition from steep debris flow‐dominated channels to lower‐gradient alluvial channels. http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png Water Resources Research Wiley

Channel network source representation using digital elevation models

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References (61)

Publisher
Wiley
Copyright
Copyright © 1993 by the American Geophysical Union.
ISSN
0043-1397
eISSN
1944-7973
DOI
10.1029/93WR02463
Publisher site
See Article on Publisher Site

Abstract

Methods for identifying the size, or scale, of hillslopes and the extent of channel networks from digital elevation models (DEMs) are examined critically. We show that a constant critical support area, the method most commonly used at present for channel network extraction from DEMs, is more appropriate for depicting the hillslope/valley transition than for identifying channel heads. Analysis of high‐resolution DEMs confirms that a constant contributing area per unit contour length defines the extent of divergent topography, or the hillslope scale, although there is considerable variance about the average value. In even moderately steep topography, however, a DEM resolution finer than the typical 30 m by 30 m grid size is required to accurately resolve the hillslope/valley transition. For many soil‐mantled landscapes, a slope‐dependent critical support area is both theoretically and empirically more appropriate for defining the extent of channel networks. Implementing this method for overland flow erosion requires knowledge of an appropriate proportionality constant for the drainage area‐slope threshold controlling channel initiation. Several methods for estimating this constant from DEM data are examined, but acquisition of even limited field data is recommended. Finally, the hypothesis is proposed that an inflection in the drainage area‐slope relation for mountain drainage basins reflects a transition from steep debris flow‐dominated channels to lower‐gradient alluvial channels.

Journal

Water Resources ResearchWiley

Published: Dec 1, 1993

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