Access the full text.
Sign up today, get DeepDyve free for 14 days.
F. Legros, J. Cantagrel, B. Devouard (2000)
Pseudotachylyte (Frictionite) at the Base of the Arequipa Volcanic Landslide Deposit (Peru): Implications for Emplacement MechanismsThe Journal of Geology, 108
J. Goguel (1978)
Scale-Dependent Rockslide Mechanisms, with Emphasis on the Role of Pore Fluid VaporizationDevelopments in Geotechnical Engineering, 14
G. Wörner, K. Hammerschmidt, F. Henjes‐Kunst, J. Lezaun, H. Wilke (2000)
Geochronology (40Ar/39Ar, K-Ar and He-exposure ages) of Cenozoic magmatic rocks from Northern Chile (18-22°S): implications for magmatism and tectonic evolution of the central AndesRevista Geologica De Chile, 27
A. McEwen, M. Malin (1989)
Dynamics of Mount St. Helens' 1980 pyroclastic flows, rockslide-avalanche, lahars, and blastJournal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 37
G. Wörner, R. Harmon, J. Davidson, S. Moorbath, D. Turner, N. McMillan, C. Nyes, L. Lopez-escobar, H. Moreno (1988)
The Nevados de Payachata volcanic region (18°S/69°W, N. Chile)Bulletin of Volcanology, 50
H. Glicken (1996)
Rockslide-debris avalanche of May 18, 1980, Mount St. Helens Volcano, Washington
B. Vries, A. Borgia (1996)
The role of basement in volcano deformationGeological Society, London, Special Publications, 110
P. Francis (1993)
Volcanoes: A Planetary Perspective
K. Hsü (1975)
Catastrophic Debris Streams (Sturzstroms) Generated by RockfallsGeological Society of America Bulletin, 86
C. Campbell (1989)
Self-Lubrication for Long Runout LandslidesThe Journal of Geology, 97
R. Shreve (1968)
The Blackhawk Landslide, 108
T. Drake (1990)
Structural features in granular flowsJournal of Geophysical Research, 95
U. Grunewald, R. Sparks, S. Kearns, J. Komorowski (2000)
Friction marks on blocks from pyroclastic flows at the Soufriere Hills volcano, Montserrat: Implications for flow mechanismsGeology, 28
S. Takarada, T. Ui, Yuko Yamamoto (1999)
Depositional features and transportation mechanism of valley-filling Iwasegawa and Kaida debris avalanches, JapanBulletin of Volcanology, 60
P. Reiche (1937)
The Toreva-Block: A Distinctive Landslide TypeThe Journal of Geology, 45
T. Ui (1983)
Volcanic dry avalanche deposits — Identification and comparison with nonvolcanic debris stream depositsJournal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 18
Cecil Andrus, William Menard (1967)
U. S. Geological SurveyRadiocarbon, 9
T. Erismann (1979)
Mechanisms of large landslidesRock mechanics, 12
P. Francis, G. Wells (1988)
Landsat Thematic Mapper observations of debris avalanche deposits in the Central AndesBulletin of Volcanology, 50
C. Siebe, J. Komorowski, M. Sheridan (1992)
Morphology and emplacement of an unusual debris-avalanche deposit at Jocotitlán volcano, Central MexicoBulletin of Volcanology, 54
B. Vries, P. Francis (1997)
Catastrophic collapse at stratovolcanoes induced by gradual volcano spreadingNature, 387
A. McEwen (1989)
Mobility of large rock avalanches: Evidence from Valles Marineris, MarsGeology, 17
A. Kött, R. Gaupp, G. Wörner (1995)
Miocene to recent history of the western Altiplano in northern Chile revealed by lacustrine sediments of the Lauca basin (18°15′–18°40′ S/69°30′–69°05′W)Geologische Rundschau, 84
A. Belousov, M. Belousova, B. Voight (1999)
Multiple edifice failures, debris avalanches and associated eruptions in the Holocene history of Shiveluch volcano, Kamchatka, RussiaBulletin of Volcanology, 61
D. Crandell, C. Miller, H. Glicken, R. Christiansen, C. Newhall (1984)
Catastrophic Debris Avalanche from Ancestral Mount Shasta Volcano, CaliforniaGeology, 12
D. Eppler, J. Fink, R. Fletcher (1987)
Rheologic properties and kinematics of emplacement of the chaos jumbles rockfall avalanche, Lassen Volcanic National Park, CaliforniaJournal of Geophysical Research, 92
L. Siebert (1984)
Large volcanic debris avalanches: Characteristics of source areas, deposits, and associated eruptionsJournal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 22
S. Straub (1996)
Self-organization in the rapid flow of granular material: evidence for a major flow mechanismGeologische Rundschau, 85
M. Branney, J. Gilbert (1995)
Ice-melt collapse pits and associated features in the 1991 lahar deposits of Volcán Hudson, Chile: criteria to distinguish eruption-induced glacier meltBulletin of Volcanology, 57
O. Merle, A. Borgia (1996)
Scaled experiments of volcanic spreadingJournal of Geophysical Research, 101
H. Melosh (1987)
The mechanics of large rock avalanchesReviews in Engineering Geology, 7
W. Dade, H. Huppert (1998)
Long-runout rockfallsGeology, 26
H. Melosh (1979)
Acoustic fluidization: A new geologic process?Journal of Geophysical Research, 84
D. Crandell (1989)
Gigantic debris avalanche of Pleistocene age from ancestral Mount Shasta Volcano, California, and debris-avalanche hazard zonation
B. Lawn (1993)
Fracture of Brittle Solids by Brian Lawn
Gary Stoopes, M. Sheridan (1992)
Giant debris avalanches from the Colima Volcanic Complex, Mexico: Implications for long-runout landslides (>100 km) and hazard assessmentGeology, 20
The Holocene Parinacota Volcanic Debris Avalanche (ca. 8,000 years B.P.) is located in the central Andes of northern Chile. The avalanche formed by the sector collapse of a major stratovolcano adjacent to a lake basin in a single, catastrophic event. The deposit has an estimated volume of ca. 6 km3, a run-out of over 22 km, and covers more than 140 km2 of the surrounding terrain. The values of the Heim coefficient (≈0.08) and the ratio A/V 2/3 (ca. 50), where A is the area covered and V the volume of the deposit, indicate high mobility of the avalanche debris in transport. Two avalanche units can be distinguished. The lower unit consists mainly of blocks of rhyodacitic lavas and domes and pyroclastic flow deposits, and glacial, fluvial and lacustrine sediments. The upper unit consists of a coarse-grained breccia with little matrix, largely composed of andesite blocks, which are angular with little or no rounding by abrasion. The avalanche displays pronounced hummocky topography, in which hummock volume and amplitude, as well as maximum block size within individual hummocks, tends to decrease with transport distance and towards the lateral margins of the avalanche deposit. Some surfaces of individual breccia blocks are covered by tens to thousands of small-scale impact marks, indicating that neighbouring blocks were vibrating and colliding without significant shearing motion. Most of the deformation and shearing was, instead, accommodated in a basal layer of wet, structureless sediments incorporated into the avalanche debris from the inundated lake basin. We propose that the ancestral Parinacota stratovolcano collapsed because of loading of underlying fluvioglacial and lacustrine sediments. The edifice disintegrated during collapse along existing fractures into large rock domains (volumes from 10 to greater than 1×106 m3), which were transported with little internal deformation, and then fragmented into hummocks of breccia as they were deposited. The decrease of hummock volume with distance suggests that material that travelled further broke up and had an initial greater kinetic energy.
Bulletin of Volcanology – Springer Journals
Published: Nov 9, 2001
Read and print from thousands of top scholarly journals.
Already have an account? Log in
Bookmark this article. You can see your Bookmarks on your DeepDyve Library.
To save an article, log in first, or sign up for a DeepDyve account if you don’t already have one.
Copy and paste the desired citation format or use the link below to download a file formatted for EndNote
Access the full text.
Sign up today, get DeepDyve free for 14 days.
All DeepDyve websites use cookies to improve your online experience. They were placed on your computer when you launched this website. You can change your cookie settings through your browser.