Access the full text.
Sign up today, get DeepDyve free for 14 days.
Breslow (1993)
10.2307/2290687Journal of the American Statistical Association, 88
Hebblewhite Hebblewhite, Percy Percy, Merrill Merrill (2007)
Are all GPS collars created equal? A comparison of three brands for habitat‐induced fix‐rate biasJournal of Wildlife Management, 71
Chris Johnson, M. Boyce, C. Schwartz, M. Haroldson (2004)
MODELING SURVIVAL: APPLICATION OF THE ANDERSEN–GILL MODEL TO YELLOWSTONE GRIZZLY BEARS, 68
Chris Johnson, S. Nielsen, E. Merrill, T. Mcdonald, M. Boyce (2006)
Resource Selection Functions Based on Use–Availability Data: Theoretical Motivation and Evaluation Methods, 70
M. Boyce, L. Irwin, R. Barker (2005)
Demographic meta-analysis: synthesizing vital rates for spotted owlsJournal of Applied Ecology, 42
S. Mudivarthy, M. Rao (2000)
Model Selection and InferenceTechnometrics, 42
M. Boyce, L. McDonald (1999)
Relating populations to habitats using resource selection functions.Trends in ecology & evolution, 14 7
M. Hebblewhite, C. White, Clifford Nietvelt, J. Mckenzie, Tomas Hurd, J. Fryxell, S. Bayley, P. Paquet (2005)
HUMAN ACTIVITY MEDIATES A TROPHIC CASCADE CAUSED BY WOLVESEcology, 86
J. Whittington, C. Clair, G. Mercer (2005)
SPATIAL RESPONSES OF WOLVES TO ROADS AND TRAILS IN MOUNTAIN VALLEYSEcological Applications, 15
C. Beale, P. Monaghan (2004)
Human disturbance: people as predation-free predators?Journal of Applied Ecology, 41
S. Nielson, Boyce, G. Stenhouse, Robin Munro (2002)
Modeling grizzly bear habitats in the Yellowhead ecosystem of Alberta: taking autocorrelation seriously
Skrondal (2004)
10.1201/9780203489437
M. Begg, M. Parides (2003)
Separation of individual‐level and cluster‐level covariate effects in regression analysis of correlated dataStatistics in Medicine, 22
Dana Thomas, Devin Johnson, B. Griffith (2006)
A Bayesian Random Effects Discrete-Choice Model for Resource Selection: Population-Level Selection Inference, 70
A. Mysterud, R. Ims (1999)
Relating populations to habitats.Trends in ecology & evolution, 14 12
J. Gill, W. Sutherland, A. Watkinson (1996)
A Method to Quantify the Effects of Human Disturbance on Animal PopulationsJournal of Applied Ecology, 33
R. Strawderman, K. Burnham, David Anderson (2000)
Model selection and inference : a practical information-theoretic approachJournal of the American Statistical Association, 95
M. Musiani, P. Paquet (2004)
The Practices of Wolf Persecution, Protection, and Restoration in Canada and the United States, 54
Cameron Gillies, M. Hebblewhite, S. Nielsen, M. Krawchuk, Cameron Aldridge, Jacqueline Frair, D. Saher, CAMERON Stevens, C. Jerde (2006)
Application of random effects to the study of resource selection by animals.The Journal of animal ecology, 75 4
S. Lele, J. Keim (2006)
Weighted distributions and estimation of resource selection probability functions.Ecology, 87 12
S. Rabe-Hesketh, A. Skrondal (2005)
Multilevel and Longitudinal Modeling Using Stata
B. Manly, L. McDonald, Dana Thomas (1994)
Resource selection by animals: statistical design and analysis for field studies.
D. Mladenoff, Theodore Sickley, R. Haight, Adrian Wydeven (1995)
A Regional Landscape Analysis and Prediction of Favorable Gray Wolf Habitat in the Northern Great Lakes RegionConservation Biology, 9
Douglas Johnson (1980)
THE COMPARISON OF USAGE AND AVAILABILITY MEASUREMENTS FOR EVALUATING RESOURCE PREFERENCEEcology, 61
Frid Frid, Dill Dill (2002)
Human‐caused disturbance stimuli as a form of predation riskConservation Ecology, 6
A. Skrondal, S. Rabe-Hesketh (2004)
Generalized latent variable models: multilevel, longitudinal, and structural equation models
Thomas Have, Allen Kunselman, Luan Tran (1999)
A comparison of mixed effects logistic regression models for binary response data with two nested levels of clustering.Statistics in medicine, 18 8
N. Breslow, D. Clayton (1993)
Approximate inference in generalized linear mixed modelsJournal of the American Statistical Association, 88
A. Mysterud, R. Ims (1998)
FUNCTIONAL RESPONSES IN HABITAT USE: AVAILABILITY INFLUENCES RELATIVE USE IN TRADE-OFF SITUATIONSEcology, 79
B. Compton, J. Rhymer, M. Mccollough (2002)
HABITAT SELECTION BY WOOD TURTLES (CLEMMYS INSCULPTA): AN APPLICATION OF PAIRED LOGISTIC REGRESSIONEcology, 83
M. Mauritzen, S. Belikov, A. Boltunov, A. Derocher, E. Hansen, R. Ims, Ø. Wiig, N. Yoccoz (2003)
Functional responses in polar bear habitat selectionOikos, 100
E. Bergman, R. Garrott, S. Creel, J. Borkowski, R. Jaffe, F. Watson (2006)
Assessment of prey vulnerability through analysis of wolf movements and kill sites.Ecological applications : a publication of the Ecological Society of America, 16 1
S. Rabe-Hesketh, A. Skrondal, A. Pickles (2005)
Maximum likelihood estimation of limited and discrete dependent variable models with nested random effectsJournal of Econometrics, 128
Chris Johnson, M. Boyce, R. Case, H. Cluff, Robert Gau, A. Gunn, R. Mulders (2005)
Cumulative Effects of Human Developments on Arctic WildlifeWildlife Monographs, 160
A. Cooper, J. Millspaugh (1999)
THE APPLICATION OF DISCRETE CHOICE MODELS TO WILDLIFE RESOURCE SELECTION STUDIESEcology, 80
M. Hebblewhite, M. Percy, E. Merrill (2007)
Are All Global Positioning System Collars Created Equal? Correcting Habitat-Induced Bias Using Three Brands in the Central Canadian Rockies, 71
S. Nielsen, G. Stenhouse, M. Boyce (2006)
A habitat-based framework for grizzly bear conservation in AlbertaBiological Conservation, 130
Josae Pinheiro, D. Bates (2001)
Mixed-Effects Models in S and S-PLUSTechnometrics, 43
T. Osko, M. Hiltz, R. Hudson, Shawn Wasel (2004)
MOOSE HABITAT PREFERENCES IN RESPONSE TO CHANGING AVAILABILITY, 68
P. Ciucci, M. Masi, L. Boitani (2003)
Winter habitat and travel route selection by wolves in the northern Apennines, ItalyEcography, 26
J. Theuerkauf, W. Jędrzejewski, K. Schmidt, R. Gula (2003)
Spatiotemporal segregation of wolves from humans in the bialowieza forest (POLAND)Journal of Wildlife Management, 67
C. Carroll, R. Noss, P. Paquet (2001)
CARNIVORES AS FOCAL SPECIES FOR CONSERVATION PLANNING IN THE ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGIONEcological Applications, 11
P. McLoughlin, Jesse Dunford, S. Boutin (2005)
Relating predation mortality to broad‐scale habitat selectionJournal of Animal Ecology, 74
A. James, A. Stuart-Smith (2000)
Distribution of Caribou and Wolves in Relation to Linear CorridorsJournal of Wildlife Management, 64
N. Aebischer, P. Robertson, R. Kenward (1993)
Compositional Analysis of Habitat Use From Animal Radio-Tracking DataEcology, 74
D. Hosmer, S. Lemeshow (1991)
Applied Logistic Regression
C. Bennington, W. Thayne (1994)
Use and Misuse of Mixed Model Analysis of Variance in Ecological StudiesEcology, 75
Pinheiro (2000)
10.1007/978-1-4419-0318-1
M. Hebblewhite, E. Merrill (2007)
Multiscale wolf predation risk for elk: does migration reduce risk?Oecologia, 152
Anthony Sinclair, A. Byrom (2006)
Understanding ecosystem dynamics for conservation of biota.The Journal of animal ecology, 75 1
Burnham (1998)
10.1007/978-1-4757-2917-7
A. Frid, L. Dill (2002)
Synthesis Human-caused Disturbance Stimuli as a Form of Predation Risk
F. Vaida, S. Blanchard (2005)
Conditional Akaike information for mixed-effects modelsBiometrika, 92
Hosmer (2000)
10.1002/0471722146
Summary 1 Resource selection functions (RSF) have contributed to the conservation of species negatively affected by human activities. Despite these applications, two assumptions frequent many studies: the assumption of independence among groups in social species, and that selection is proportional to resource availability. This latter case is known as a functional response in resource selection, and may be especially important in human–wildlife relationships where there is a fitness cost of proximity to humans. 2 Recent advances in generalized linear mixed models offer new ways to account for resource selection in social species and functional responses by accommodating correlations within hierarchical groups with random intercepts, and functional responses with random coefficients. 3 We illustrate the application of mixed‐effects RSF models using a case study of resource selection by individual wolves Canis lupus living in packs as a function of human activity. 4 In areas of low human activity, wolf resource selection was independent of proximity to humans. As human activity increased, wolves displayed a functional response selecting areas closer to human activity. With increasing human activity, however, wolves displayed spatio‐temporal avoidance of human activity during daylight. This could lead to behaviourally induced trophic cascades mediated by wolf avoidance of human activity, and fits within the framework of attractive sink habitats. 5 Accounting for the hierarchical social structure of wolves clearly showed that the response of wolves to human disturbance was strongly correlated, but different, within packs, and that the correlation was strongest during winter and weakest during summer. 6 Syntheses and applications. Failure to consider the social structure of wolves and the functional response to human activity would result in mistaken conclusions about wolf–human relationships. Our approach provides a unifying framework to understand the contradictory results of previous studies of wolf–human relationships and a template for future studies to evaluate effects of increasing human activity on wildlife.
Journal of Applied Ecology – Wiley
Published: Jun 1, 2008
Read and print from thousands of top scholarly journals.
Already have an account? Log in
Bookmark this article. You can see your Bookmarks on your DeepDyve Library.
To save an article, log in first, or sign up for a DeepDyve account if you don’t already have one.
Copy and paste the desired citation format or use the link below to download a file formatted for EndNote
Access the full text.
Sign up today, get DeepDyve free for 14 days.
All DeepDyve websites use cookies to improve your online experience. They were placed on your computer when you launched this website. You can change your cookie settings through your browser.