Access the full text.
Sign up today, get DeepDyve free for 14 days.
R. Hills, S. Reynolds (1969)
Illustrations of soil moisture variability in selected areas and plots of different sizesJournal of Hydrology, 8
Jarvis Jarvis (1976)
The interpretation of the variations in leaf water potential and stomatal conductance found in canopies in the fieldPhilos. Trans. R. Soc. London, Ser. B, 273
Y. Sud, J. Shukla, Y. Mintz (1988)
Influence of land surface roughness on atmospheric circulation and precipitation - A sensitivity study with a general circulation modelJournal of Applied Meteorology, 27
J. Charney, W. Quirk, S. Chow, J. Kornfield (1977)
A Comparative Study of the Effects of Albedo Change on Drought in Semi-Arid Regions.Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 34
P. Jarvis (1976)
The Interpretation of the Variations in Leaf Water Potential and Stomatal Conductance Found in Canopies in the FieldPhilosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B, 273
A. Dolman, G. Burg (1988)
Stomatal behaviour in an oak canopyAgricultural and Forest Meteorology, 43
Tetsuji Yamada (1982)
A numerical model study of turbulent airflow in and above a forest canopyJournal of the Meteorological Society of Japan, 60
Nickerson Nickerson, Smiley Smiley (1975)
Surface energy budget parameterization for urban scale modelsJ. Appl. Meteorol., 14
A. Garrett (1982)
A Parameter Study of Interactions Between Convective Clouds, the Convective Boundary Layer, and a Forested SurfaceMonthly Weather Review, 110
Ytzhaq Mahrer, R. Pielke (1978)
A Test of an Upstream Spline Interpolation Technique for the Advective Terms in a Numerical Mesoscale ModelMonthly Weather Review, 106
D. Baldocchi, B. Hicks, P. Camara (1987)
A canopy stomatal resistance model for gaseous deposition to vegetated surfacesAtmospheric Environment, 21
H. Penman, I. Long (1960)
Weather in wheat : An essay in micro-meteorologyQuarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, 86
S. Manabe, Douglas Hahn, J. Holloway (1974)
The Seasonal Variation of the Tropical Circulation as Simulated by a Global Model of the AtmosphereJournal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 31
Dickinson Dickinson, Errico Errico, Giorgi Giorgi, Bates Bates (1989)
A regional model for the western United StatesClim. Change, 15
Y. Mahrer (1984)
An Improved Numerical Approximation of the Horizontal Gradients in a Terrain-Following Coordinate SystemMonthly Weather Review, 112
S. Idso, K. Clawson, Michael Anderson (1986)
Foliage temperature: Effects of environmental factors with implications for plant water stress assessment and the CO2/climate connectionWater Resources Research, 22
J. Neumann, Y. Mahrer (1971)
A Theoretical Study of the Land and Sea Breeze Circulation.Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 28
M. Verstraete (1989)
Land Surface Processes in Climate Models: Status and Prospects
W. Lewellen (1981)
Modeling the Lowest 1 Km of the Atmosphere
A. Henderson‐sellers, R. Dickinson, M. Wilson (1988)
Tropical deforestation: Important processes for climate modelsClimatic Change, 13
T. Hsiao (1973)
Plant Responses to Water StressAnnual Review of Plant Biology, 24
Da‐Lin Zhang, R. Anthes (1982)
A High-Resolution Model of the Planetary Boundary Layer—Sensitivity Tests and Comparisons with SESAME-79 DataJournal of Applied Meteorology, 21
R. Avissar, Y. Mahrer (1988)
Mapping Frost-Sensitive Areas with a Three-Dimensional Local-Scale Numerical Model. Pad II: Comparison with ObservationsJournal of Applied Meteorology, 27
Denmead Denmead, Bradley Bradley (1987)
On scalar transport in plant canopiesIrrig. Sci., 8
R. Anthes (1984)
Enhancement of Convective Precipitation by Mesoscale Variations in Vegetative Covering in Semiarid Regions, 23
J. Philip, D. Vries (1957)
Moisture movement in porous materials under temperature gradientsEos, Transactions American Geophysical Union, 38
E. Lorenz (1967)
The nature and theory of the general circulation of the atmosphere
R. Dickinson (1983)
Land Surface Processes and Climate—Surface Albedos and Energy BalanceAdvances in Geophysics, 25
Hills Hills, Reynolds Reynolds (1969)
Illustrations of soil moisture variability areas and plots of different sizesJ. Hydrol., 8
O. Denmead, E. Bradley (1985)
Flux-Gradient Relationships in a Forest Canopy
J. Ehleringer, I. Forseth (1980)
Solar tracking by plants.Science, 210 4474
G. Dobson (1963)
Exploring the Atmosphere
Avissar (1987)
A pseudo three-dimensional numerical model of the soil-plant-atmosphere system
M. Wilson, A. Henderson‐sellers, R. Dickinson, P. Kennedy (1987)
Sensitivity of the biosphere-atmosphere transfer scheme (BATS) to the inclusion of variable soil characteristicsJournal of Applied Meteorology, 26
J. Noilhan, S. Planton (1989)
A Simple Parameterization of Land Surface Processes for Meteorological ModelsMonthly Weather Review, 117
K. Mcguffie, A. Henderson‐sellers (1987)
A Climate Modelling Primer
R. Pielke, Y. Mahrer (1975)
Representation of the Heated Planetary Boundary Layer in Mesoscale Models with Coarse Vertical ResolutionJournal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 32
R. McNider, R. Pielke (1981)
Diurnal Boundary-Layer Development over Sloping TerrainJournal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 38
D. Straus, J. Shukla (1981)
Global and local fluctuations of winter and summer simulations with the GLAS climate model
R. Avissar, R. Pielke (1989)
A parameterization of heterogeneous land surfaces for atmospheric numerical models and its impact on regional meteorologyMonthly Weather Review, 117
M. Verstraete (1988)
Radiation transfer in plant canopies: Scattering of solar radiation and canopy reflectanceJournal of Geophysical Research, 93
J. Deardorff (1977)
A Parameterization of Ground-Surface Moisture Content for Use in Atmospheric Prediction ModelsJournal of Applied Meteorology, 16
L. Cole, R. Geiger (1951)
The Climate near the GroundJournal of Wildlife Management, 15
R. Dickinson, R. Errico, F. Giorgi, G. Bates (1989)
A regional climate model for the western United StatesClimatic Change, 15
M. Verstraete (1987)
Radiation transfer in plant canopies - Transmission of direct solar radiation and the role of leaf orientationJournal of Geophysical Research, 92
G. Nakshabandi, H. Kohnke (1965)
Thermal conductivity and diffusivity of soils as related to moisture tension and other physical propertiesAgricultural Meteorology, 2
S. Manabe (1969)
CLIMATE AND THE OCEAN CIRCULATION1Monthly Weather Review, 97
Pielke Pielke, Mahrer Mahrer (1975)
Technique to represent the heated‐planetary boundary layer in mesoscale models with coarse vertical resolutionJ. Atmos. Sci., 32
M. Segal, R. Avissar, M. McCumber, R. Pielke (1988)
Evaluation of vegetation effects on the generation and modification of mesoscale circulationsJournal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 45
R. Avissar, Y. Mahrer (1988)
Mapping Frost-Sensitive Areas with a Three-Dimensional Local-Scale Numerical Model. Part I. Physical and Numerical AspectsJournal of Applied Meteorology, 27
J. Philip (1957)
EVAPORATION, AND MOISTURE AND HEAT FIELDS IN THE SOILJournal of Meteorology, 14
Y. Mahrer, R. Avissar (1985)
A NUMERICAL STUDY OF THE EFFECTS OF SOIL SURFACE SHAPE UPON THE SOIL TEMPERATURE AND MOISTURE REGIMESSoil Science, 139
P. Wetzel, J. Chang (1988)
Evapotranspiration from Nonuniform Surfaces: A First Approach for Short-Term Numerical Weather PredictionMonthly Weather Review, 116
R. Pielke (1974)
A Three-Dimensional Numerical Model of the Sea Breezes Over South FloridaMonthly Weather Review, 102
J. Wyngaard (1984)
Boundary-Layer Modeling
E. Dickinson, A. Henderson‐sellers, J. Kennedy, F. Wilson (1986)
Biosphere-atmosphere Transfer Scheme (BATS) for the NCAR Community Climate ModelCTIT technical reports series
A. Kasahara, W. Washington (1971)
General Circulation Experiments with a Six-Layer NCAR Model, Including Orography, Cloudiness and Surface Temperature CalculationsJournal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 28
Kurbatkin Kurbatkin, Manabe Manabe, Hahn Hahn (1979)
The moisture content of the continents and the intensity of summer monsoon circulationMeteorol. Gidrol., 11
P. Sellers, Y. Mintz, Y. Sud, A. Dalcher (1986)
A Simple Biosphere Model (SIB) for Use within General Circulation ModelsJournal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 43
G. Szeicz, C. Bavel, S. Takami (1973)
Stomatal factor in the water use and dry matter production by sorghumAgricultural Meteorology, 12
S. Burk (1981)
Comparison of Structure Parameter Scaling Expressions with Turbulence Closure Model Predictions.Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 38
J. Mahfouf, E. Richard, P. Mascart (1987)
The Influence of Soil and Vegetation on the Development of Mesoscale Circulations, 26
W. Zdunkowski, J. Paegle, J. Reilly (1975)
The effect of soil moisture upon the atmospheric and soil temperature near the air-soil interfaceArchiv für Meteorologie, Geophysik und Bioklimatologie, Serie A, 24
Tetsuji Yamada (1979)
An application of a three-dimensional, simplified second-moment closure numerical model to study atmospheric effects of a large cooling-pondAtmospheric Environment, 13
T. Sasamori (1970)
A Numerical Study of Atmospheric and Soil Boundary LayersJournal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 27
Khvorostiyanov Khvorostiyanov (1982)
A two‐dimensional non‐stationary microphysical model of low‐level clouds and advection‐radiation fogsSov. Meteorol. Hydrol., Engl. Transl., 7
Hsiao Hsiao (1973)
Plant response to water stressAnnu. Rev. Plant Physiol., 24
R. Avissar, R. Pielke (1991)
The impact of plant stomatal control on mesoscale atmospheric circulationsAgricultural and Forest Meteorology, 54
D. Anderson, S. Verma (1985)
Turbulence spectra of CO2, water vapor, temperature and wind velocity fluctuations over a crop surfaceBoundary-Layer Meteorology, 33
K. Miyakoda, R. Strickler (1981)
Cumulative Results of Extended Forecast Experiment. III: PrecipitationMonthly Weather Review, 109
T. Carlson, S. Benjamin, G. Forbes, Y.-F. Li (1983)
Elevated Mixed Layers in the Regional Severe Storm Environment: Conceptual Model and Case StudiesMonthly Weather Review, 111
Y. Sud, W. Smith (1985)
The influence of surface roughness of deserts on the July circulationBoundary-Layer Meteorology, 33
Sud Sud, Smith Smith (1985)
The influence of surface roughness of deserts on July circulation‐‐A numerical studyBoundary Layer Meteorol., 33
Benjamin (1983)
Some effects of differential heating and topography on regional severe storm environment--Numerical simulation of the SESAME IV (9–10 May 1979) case
J. Shukla, Y. Mintz (1982)
Influence of Land-Surface Evapotranspiration on the Earth's ClimateScience, 215
Philip Philip, Vries Vries (1957)
Moisture movement in porous materials under temperature gradientsEos Trans. AGU, 38
J. Deardorff (1978)
Efficient prediction of ground surface temperature and moisture, with inclusion of a layer of vegetationJournal of Geophysical Research, 83
Y. Sud, W. Smith (1985)
Influence of Local Land-Surface Processes on the Indian Monsoon: A Numerical Study, 24
G. Mellor, Tetsuji Yamada (1974)
A Hierarchy of Turbulence Closure Models for Planetary Boundary Layers.Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 31
C. Stigter, J. Birnie, P. Jansen (1976)
Multi-point temperature measuring equipment for crop environment, with some results on horizontal homogenity in a maize crop, I: Field resultsNetherlands Journal of Agricultural Science, 24
Y. Ookouchi, M. Segal, R. Kessler, R. Pielke (1984)
Evaluation of Soil Moisture Effects on the Generation and Modification of Mesoscale CirculationsMonthly Weather Review, 112
W. Washington, Claire Parkinson (1986)
An Introduction to Three-Dimensional Climate Modeling
O. Zeman (1981)
PROGRESS IN THE MODELING OF PLANETARY BOUNDARY LAYERSAnnual Review of Fluid Mechanics, 13
A. Hall, E. Schulze, O. Lange (1976)
Current Perspectives of Steady-state Stomatal Responses to Environment
J. Hansen, G. Russell, D. Rind, P. Stone, A. Lacis, S. Lebedeff, R. Ruedy, L. Travis (1983)
Efficient Three-Dimensional Global Models for Climate Studies: Models I and IIMonthly Weather Review, 111
Julia Walker, P. Rowntree (1977)
The effect of soil moisture on circulation and rainfall in a tropical modelQuarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, 103
Yamada Yamada (1982)
A numerical model simulation of turbulent airflow in and above canopyJ. Meteorol. Soc. Jpn., 60
G. Mellor, Tetsuji Yamada (1982)
Development of a turbulence closure model for geophysical fluid problemsReviews of Geophysics, 20
Y. Mahrer, R. Pielke (1976)
Numerical Simulation of the Airflow Over BarbadosMonthly Weather Review, 104
R. Avissar, P. Avissar, Y. Mahrer, B. Bravdo (1985)
A model to simulate response of plant stomata to environmental conditionsAgricultural and Forest Meteorology, 34
L. Libersky (1980)
Turbulence In Cumulus CloudsJournal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 37
C. Federer (1979)
A soil-plant-atmosphere model for transpiration and availability of soil waterWater Resources Research, 15
E. Nickerson, Virginia Smiley (1975)
Surface Layer and Energy Budget Parameterizations for Mesoscale ModelsJournal of Applied Meteorology, 14
S. Idso (1988)
Development of a simplified plant stomatal resistance model and its validation for potentially transpiring and water-stressed water hyacinthsAtmospheric Environment, 22
T. Carlson, F. Boland (1978)
Analysis of Urban-Rural Canopy Using a Surface Heat Flux/Temperature ModelJournal of Applied Meteorology, 17
Wilson Wilson, Henderson‐Sellers Henderson‐Sellers, Dickinson Dickinson, Kennedy Kennedy (1987)
Sensitivity of the biosphere‐atmosphere transfer scheme (BATS) to the inclusion of variable soil characteristicsJ. Clim. Appl. Meteorol., 26
J. Businger, J. Wyngaard, Y. Izumi, E. Bradley (1971)
Flux-Profile Relationships in the Atmospheric Surface LayerJournal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 28
M. Verstraete, E. Dickinson (1986)
Modeling surface processes in atmospheric general circulation models
Stigter Stigter, Birnie Birnie, Jansen Jansen (1976)
Multi‐point temperature measuring equipment for crop environment, with some results on horizontal homogeneity in a maize crop, 1, field results, NethJ. Agric. Sci., 24
E. Graser, S. Verma, N. Rosenberg (1987)
Within-canopy temperature patterns of sorghum at two row spacings☆Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 41
E. Dickinson, J. Jáger, M. Washington, R. Wolski (1981)
Boundary Subroutine for the NCAR Global Climate Model
R. Dickinson, A. Henderson‐sellers (1988)
Modelling tropical deforestation: A study of GCM land-surface parametrizationsQuarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, 114
J. Louis (1979)
A parametric model of vertical eddy fluxes in the atmosphereBoundary-Layer Meteorology, 17
D. Vries (1963)
Thermal properties of soils
T. Takakura, J. Goudriaan, W. Louwerse (1975)
A behaviour model to simulate stomatal resistanceAgricultural Meteorology, 15
W. Gates (1975)
The January Global Climate Simulated by a Two-Level General Circulation Model: A Comparison with Observation.Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 32
Manabe Manabe (1969)
Climate of the ocean circulation, IMon. Weather Rev., 97
M. McCumber, R. Pielke (1981)
Simulation of the effects of surface fluxes of heat and moisture in a mesoscale numerical model: 1. Soil layerJournal of Geophysical Research, 86
R. Clapp, G. Hornberger (1978)
Empirical equations for some soil hydraulic propertiesWater Resources Research, 14
Carson (1981)
The influence of land-surface albedo and soil moisture on general circulation model simulationsResearch Activities in Atmospheric and Oceanic Modeling
This paper provides a general overview of the issues related to the modeling of surface processes in atmospheric models. The role of surface processes is first discussed as an essential coupling between the surface and the atmosphere. The issue of parameterization of small‐scale processes in large‐scale atmospheric models is addressed next, paying special attention to the cases of bare ground and vegetated surfaces. The paper focuses on the issues rather than the details of implementation, and extensive citations to the published literature are given for further investigations.
Reviews of Geophysics – Wiley
Published: Feb 1, 1990
Read and print from thousands of top scholarly journals.
Already have an account? Log in
Bookmark this article. You can see your Bookmarks on your DeepDyve Library.
To save an article, log in first, or sign up for a DeepDyve account if you don’t already have one.
Copy and paste the desired citation format or use the link below to download a file formatted for EndNote
Access the full text.
Sign up today, get DeepDyve free for 14 days.
All DeepDyve websites use cookies to improve your online experience. They were placed on your computer when you launched this website. You can change your cookie settings through your browser.