Access the full text.
Sign up today, get DeepDyve free for 14 days.
J. Cohn (1994)
SALAMANDERS SLIP-SLIDING AWAY OR TOO SURREPTITIOUS TO COUNT ?BioScience, 44
T. Macan (1977)
THE INFLUENCE OF PREDATION ON THE COMPOSITION OF FRESH‐WATER ANIMAL COMMUNITIESBiological Reviews, 52
S. Hurlbert, J. Zedler, Deborah Fairbanks (1972)
Ecosystem Alteration by Mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis) PredationScience, 175
R. Kaplan, P. Sherman (1980)
Intraspecific Oophagy in California NewtsJournal of Herpetology, 14
S. Lima, L. Dill (1990)
Behavioral decisions made under the risk of predation: a review and prospectusCanadian Journal of Zoology, 68
L. Kats, Jennifer Breeding, K. Hanson, Patrick Smith (1994)
Ontogenetic Changes in California Newts (Taricha torosa) in Response to Chemical Cues from Conspecific PredatorsJournal of the North American Benthological Society, 13
L. Kats, J. Petranka, A. Sih (1988)
Antipredator defenses and the persistence of amphibian larvae with fishesEcology, 69
C. Brönmark, P. Edenhamn (1994)
Does the Presence of Fish Affect the Distribution of Tree Frogs (Hyla arborea)Conservation Biology, 8
R. Paine (1966)
Food Web Complexity and Species DiversityThe American Naturalist, 100
A. Blaustein, D. Wake (1995)
The Puzzle of Declining Amphibian PopulationsScientific American, 272
C. Marshall, L. Doyle, R. Kaplan (1990)
INTRASPECIFIC AND SEX-SPECIFIC OOPHAGY IN A SALAMANDER AND A FROG: REPRODUCTIVE CONVERGENCE OF TARICHA TOROSA AND BOMBINA ORIENTALISHerpetologica, 46
W. Murdoch, A. Oaten (1975)
Predation and Population StabilityAdvances in Ecological Research, 9
A. Blaustein, P. Hoffman, D. Hokit, J. Kiesecker, Susan Walls, J. Hays (1994)
UV repair and resistance to solar UV-B in amphibian eggs: a link to population declines?Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 91
A. Sih, L. Kats, R. Moore (1992)
Effects of Predatory Sunfish on the Density, Drift, and Refuge Use of Stream Salamander LarvaeEcology, 73
R. Alford (1989)
Variation in Predator Phenology Affects Predator Performance and Prey Community CompositionEcology, 70
Joseph Pechmann, H. Wilbur, E. Drawer (1994)
PUTTING DECLINING AMPHIBIAN POPULATIONS IN PERSPECTIVE: NATURAL FLUCTUATIONS AND HUMAN IMPACTS
L. Kats, A. Sih (1992)
Oviposition Site Selection and Avoidance of Fish by Streamside Salamanders (Ambystoma barbouri)Copeia, 1992
D. Ward, O. Sexton (1981)
Anti-Predator Role of Salamander Egg MembranesCopeia, 1981
L. Dill (1987)
Animal decision making and its ecological consequences: the future of aquatic ecology and behaviourCanadian Journal of Zoology, 65
M. Barinaga (1990)
Where have all the froggies gone?Science, 247 4946
J. Petranka (1983)
Fish Predation: A Factor Affecting the Spatial Distribution of a Stream-breeding SalamanderCopeia, 1983
R. Semlitsch (1988)
Allotopic Distribution of Two Salamanders: Effects of Fish Predation and Competitive InteractionsCopeia, 1988
T. Olsen, D. Lodge, G. Capelli, R. Houlihan (1991)
Mechanisms of Impact of an introduced Crayfish (Orconectes rusticus) on Littoral Congeners, Snails, and MacrophytesCanadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 48
D. Bradford (1991)
Mass Mortality and Extinction in a High-elevation Population of Rana muscosaJournal of Herpetology, 25
A. Sih, P. Crowley, M. McPeek, J. Petranka, K. Strohmeier (1985)
Predation, Competition, and Prey Communities: A Review of Field ExperimentsAnnual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics, 16
R. Stebbins (1954)
Amphibians and reptiles of California
D. Wake (1991)
Declining Amphibian PopulationsScience, 253
(1975)
Assembly of species communities
J. Pounds, M. Crump (1994)
Amphibian declines and climate disturbance: the case of the golden toad and the harlequin frogConservation Biology, 8
J. Feminella, V. Resh (1989)
Submersed macrophytes and grazing crayfish: an experimental study of herbivory in a California freshwater marshEcography, 12
R. Semlitsch (1993)
Effects of different predators on the survival and development of tadpoles from the hybridogenetic Rana esculenta complexOikos, 67
K. Phillips (1990)
Where have all the frogs and toads goneBioScience, 40
M. Hassell (1979)
The dynamics of arthropod predator-prey systems.Monographs in population biology, 13
H. Mosher, F. Fuhrman, H. Buchwald, H. Fischer (1964)
TARICHATOXIN--TETRODOTOXIN: A POTENT NEUROTOXIN.Science, 144 3622
T. Zaret (1980)
Predation and freshwater communities
H. Buchwald, L. Durham, H. Fischer, Rockuro Harada, H. Mosher, C. Kao, F. Fuhrman (1964)
Identity of Tarichatoxin and TetrodotoxinScience, 143
M. Hayes, M. Jennings (1986)
Decline of Ranid Frog Species in Western North America: Are Bullfrogs (Rana catesbeiana) Responsible?Journal of Herpetology, 20
One goal of conservation biology is to explain population declines. We present field survey data and experimental evidence that implicate introduced predators as a possible cause of decline in the California newt (Taricha torosa). In 1994 and 1995 we surveyed 10 streams in the Santa Monica Mountains of southern California for amphibians. These streams contained California newts when surveyed between 1981 and 1986. Of the 10 streams surveyed in 1994, three contained introduced mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis) and/or crayfish (Procambarus clarkii). These three streams contained no California newt eggs, larvae, or adults. The seven streams without introduced predators contained California newts. We conducted laboratory and field experiments to determine if California newt larvae and egg masses are susceptible to predation by mosquitofish and crayfish. Results from these experiments indicate that crayfish consume California newt egg masses and that both mosquitofish and crayfish consume larval newts. In 24‐hour field experiments, no newt larvae survived in crayfish enclosures, and only 13% of the larvae survived with mosquitofish. Newt larvae are known to have antipredator adaptations for native predators. Apparently, these adaptations are not adequate for coexistence with introduced crayfish or mosquitofish. Heavy rains in 1995 removed introduced crayfish from one stream. We found newt egg masses, larvae, and adults in that stream the following spring. This same stream showed no evidence of California newts when crayfish were present in matched‐date surveys in 1994. These experiments and surveys present evidence that predation by mosquitofish and crayfish may cause localized decline of newts in mountain streams of southern California. Understanding the effects of nonnative species is an important step in preventing detrimental introductions in the future.
Conservation Biology – Wiley
Published: Aug 1, 1996
Read and print from thousands of top scholarly journals.
Already have an account? Log in
Bookmark this article. You can see your Bookmarks on your DeepDyve Library.
To save an article, log in first, or sign up for a DeepDyve account if you don’t already have one.
Copy and paste the desired citation format or use the link below to download a file formatted for EndNote
Access the full text.
Sign up today, get DeepDyve free for 14 days.
All DeepDyve websites use cookies to improve your online experience. They were placed on your computer when you launched this website. You can change your cookie settings through your browser.