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Marie-Thérèse C LAES * lthough only 3 to 6 per cent of top managerial positions are held by women, employers have come to realize that they neglect managerial talent in nearly half their workforce if they do not appoint women to such positions. However, it is true that managerial work is undergoing rapid change and as Kanter has pointed out: âChange-adept organizations cultivate the imagination to innovate, the professionalism to perform, and the openness to collaborateâ (Kanter, 1997, p. 7). Women are said to possess âfeminineâ qualities such as relationship building and teamwork that are valued in a more collaborative and creative management environment. This article will examine the implications of the use of the word âfeminineâ in psychological, social and cultural contexts. It will consider the application of the concepts of gender difference in language use, in theories of leadership and in communication styles. Gender as a soc ial c onst ruc t Man, woman, male, female, masculine, feminine are used in the discussion of sex and gender issues in biology, anthropology, social science, psychology, cross-cultural studies and even management theories. The concepts of sex and gender are often used interchangeably in written material and in conversation,
International Labour Review – Wiley
Published: Dec 1, 1999
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