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Upward flow through vertical fractures in limestone formations under a geothermal gradient favors dissolution and permeability growth. We investigate the transition from conductive and forced convective regimes to instability and buoyant convection as a result of permeability growth. The onset time for instability and roll height at onset depend on the initial aperture and driving pressure. A modified Rayleigh number criterion is proposed, which provides a unified interpretation of the instability across a wide range of initial aperture and driving pressure. Interaction between buoyant convection and aperture alteration leads to narrow upward flow paths supporting dissolution and precipitation in surrounding downward flow regions.
Geophysical Research Letters – Wiley
Published: Feb 1, 2009
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