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Amino acid control of autophagic sequestration and protein degradation in isolated rat hepatocytes.

Amino acid control of autophagic sequestration and protein degradation in isolated rat hepatocytes. Sequestration of the inert cytosolic marker 14Csucrose by sedimentable organelles was measured in isolated rat hepatocytes made transiently permeable to sucrose by means of electropermeabilization. Lysosomal integrity, protein degradation, autophagic sequestration, and other cellular functions were not significantly impaired by the electric treatment. Hepatocytes sequestered sucrose at an initial rate of approximately 10%/h, which is threefold higher than the estimated rate of autophagic-lysosomal protein degradation. Almost one-third would appear to represent mitochondrial fluid uptake; the rest was nearly completely and specifically inhibited by 3-methyladenine (3MA) and can be regarded as autophagic sequestration. A complete amino acid mixture was somewhat less inhibitory than 3MA, and partially antagonized the effect of the latter. This paradoxical effect, taken together with the high sequestration rate, may suggest heterogeneity as well as selectivity in autophagic sequestration. There was no detectable recycling of sequestered 14Csucrose between organelles and cytosol. Studies of individual amino acids revealed histidine as the most effective sequestration inhibitor. Leucine may have a regulatory function, as indicated by its unique additive/synergistic effect, and a combination of Leu + His was as effective as the complete amino acid mixture. Asparagine inhibited sequestration only 20%, i.e., its very strong effect on overall (long-lived) protein degradation must partially be due to post-sequestrational inhibition. The lysosomal (amine-sensitive) degradation of short-lived protein was incompletely inhibited by 3MA, indicating a contribution from nonautophagic processes like crinophagy and endocytic membrane influx. The ability of an amino acid mixture to specifically antagonize the inhibition of short-lived protein degradation by AsN + GIN (but not by 3MA) may suggest complex amino acid interactions at the level of fusion between lysosomes and other vesicles in addition to the equally complex interactions at the level of autophagic sequestration. http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png The Journal of Cell Biology Rockefeller University Press

Amino acid control of autophagic sequestration and protein degradation in isolated rat hepatocytes.

The Journal of Cell Biology , Volume 99 (2): 435 – Aug 1, 1984

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References (39)

Publisher
Rockefeller University Press
Copyright
© 1984 Rockefeller University Press
ISSN
0021-9525
eISSN
1540-8140
DOI
10.1083/jcb.99.2.435
Publisher site
See Article on Publisher Site

Abstract

Sequestration of the inert cytosolic marker 14Csucrose by sedimentable organelles was measured in isolated rat hepatocytes made transiently permeable to sucrose by means of electropermeabilization. Lysosomal integrity, protein degradation, autophagic sequestration, and other cellular functions were not significantly impaired by the electric treatment. Hepatocytes sequestered sucrose at an initial rate of approximately 10%/h, which is threefold higher than the estimated rate of autophagic-lysosomal protein degradation. Almost one-third would appear to represent mitochondrial fluid uptake; the rest was nearly completely and specifically inhibited by 3-methyladenine (3MA) and can be regarded as autophagic sequestration. A complete amino acid mixture was somewhat less inhibitory than 3MA, and partially antagonized the effect of the latter. This paradoxical effect, taken together with the high sequestration rate, may suggest heterogeneity as well as selectivity in autophagic sequestration. There was no detectable recycling of sequestered 14Csucrose between organelles and cytosol. Studies of individual amino acids revealed histidine as the most effective sequestration inhibitor. Leucine may have a regulatory function, as indicated by its unique additive/synergistic effect, and a combination of Leu + His was as effective as the complete amino acid mixture. Asparagine inhibited sequestration only 20%, i.e., its very strong effect on overall (long-lived) protein degradation must partially be due to post-sequestrational inhibition. The lysosomal (amine-sensitive) degradation of short-lived protein was incompletely inhibited by 3MA, indicating a contribution from nonautophagic processes like crinophagy and endocytic membrane influx. The ability of an amino acid mixture to specifically antagonize the inhibition of short-lived protein degradation by AsN + GIN (but not by 3MA) may suggest complex amino acid interactions at the level of fusion between lysosomes and other vesicles in addition to the equally complex interactions at the level of autophagic sequestration.

Journal

The Journal of Cell BiologyRockefeller University Press

Published: Aug 1, 1984

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