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To evaluate the impact of fragmentation on forest regeneration, I measured the abundance of shade‐tolerant, mature‐phase tree seedlings (individuals 5–100 cm tall) in unfragmented and fragmented vegetation in three sites near Manaus, Brazil. The habitats studied were (1) continuous forest (control, n = 5); (2) 100‐ha fragments (n = 2); (3) 10‐ha fragments (n = 4); and (4) 1‐ha fragments (n = 5). For 10‐ and 100‐ha fragments, seedling density was measured in the center, the edge, and the corner of the fragments, and at 20‐m intervals up to 100 m away from the fragment’s edge. The density of seedlings declined significantly from continuous forest to forest fragments. Corners of 100‐ha fragments had lower densities of seedlings than plots in centers and edges. In both 100‐ and 10‐ha fragments, edge seedling density increased toward forest interior, but the increment was significant for only one site. Edge effects were more important than area effects per se in affecting seedling abundance. Overall, the centers of larger fragments (100 ha) did not have significantly higher densities of tree seedlings than smaller ones (10 and 1 ha). I suggest that a decrease in seed rain produced by increased tree mortality, reduced seed output and dispersal, high seed predation, and lower seedling establishment might explain the lower seedling numbers observed in forest fragments and fragment edges. These results suggest that forest fragmentation at Manaus may affect the regenerative potential of the forest. Impacto de la Fragmentación Forestal en la Abundancia de Plántulas en un Bosque Tropical Lluvioso Para evaluar el impacto de la fragmentación sobre la regeneración de la selva, utilizé la abundancia de plántulas (individuos entre 5 y 100 cm de altura) de árboles tolerantes a la sombra o de bosque maduro, como indicador de la alteración. Censé la abundancia de plántulas en sistemas no fragmentados y fragmentados en tres sitios (A, B, y C) al norte de Manaus, Brasil. Los hábitats estudiados fueron: (1) selva virgen (control, n = 5); (2) fragmentos de 100 ha (n = 2); (3) fragmentos de 10 ha (n = 4); y (4) fragmentos de 1 ha (n = 5). Para los fragmentos de 100 y de 10 ha la densidad de plántulas se midió en el centro, el borde y en la esquina de los fragmentos y también, a intervalos de 20 m, hasta 100 m del borde. La densidad de plántulas (número de plántulas/m2) decreció significativamente de la selva virgen a los fragmentos de diferentes tamaños. Las esquinas de los fragmentos de 100 ha tuvieron menor número de plántulas que los centros y los bordes. En los fragmentos de 100 y 10 ha, la densidad de plántulas aumentó del borde hacia el interior del fragmento, pero éste incremento fue significativo únicamente para el Sitio B. Los efectos de borde parecen tener un impacto mayor sobre la abundancia de plántulas que el tamaño del fragmento. Los centros de los fragmentos de mayor tamaño (100 ha) tuvieron una densidad de plántulas similar a los menores (10 y 1 ha). La información existente y los resultados obtenidos en este trabajo, sugieren que una disminución en la lluvia de semillas, producida por un incremento en la mortalidad de árboles, una dispersión reducida, alta predación, y un pobre desempeño de las plántulas pueden explicar la disminución en el número de plántulas en los fragmentos y en los bordes de los fragmentos. Todo parece indicar que la fragmentación, en este sitio, puede afectar el potencial regenerativo de la selva.
Conservation Biology – Wiley
Published: Apr 26, 1998
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