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MT(ASCP)SBB, Clinical Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health
(1987)
Metabolic regeneration of depleted erythrocytes and their frozen storage
C. Valeri (2003)
Simplification of the Methods for Adding and Removing Glycerol During Freeze‐Preservation of Human Red Blood Cells with the High or Low Glycerol Methods: Biochemical Modification Prior to FreezingTransfusion, 15
G. Moroff, P. Sohmer, L. Button (1984)
Proposed standardization of methods for determining the 24‐hour survival of stored red cellsTransfusion, 24
Department of Transfusion Medicine
Valeri Valeri, Szymanski Szymanski, Runck Runck (1970)
Therapeutic effectiveness of homologous erythrocyte transfusions following frozen storage at −80 C for up to seven years.Transfusion, 10
C. Valeri, K. Fowler, J. Sobucki (1965)
The In Vivo Survival, Mode of Removal of the Non‐Viable Cells, and the Total Amount of Supernatant Hemoglobin in Deglycerolized, Resuspended ErythrocytesTransfusion, 5
T. Simon, C. Marcus, B. Myhre, E. Nelson (1987)
Effects of AS‐3 nutrient‐additive solution on 42 and 49 days of storage of red cellsTransfusion, 27
Valeri Valeri (1965)
The in vivo survival, mode of removal of the nonviable cells, and the total amount of supernatant hemoglobin in deglycerolized, resuspended erythrocytes I. The effect of the period of storage in ACD at 4 C prior to glycerolization. II. The effect of washing deglycerolized, resuspended erythrocytes after a period of storage at 4 C.Transfusion, 5
C. Valeri, A. Runck (1969)
Long Term Frozen Storage of Human Red Blood Cells: Studies in Vivo and in Vitro of Autologous Red Blood Cells Preserved up to Six Years with High Concentrations of GlycerolTransfusion, 9
H. Meryman, M. Hornblower (1972)
A Method for Freezing and Washing Red Blood Cells Using a High Glycerol ConcentrationTransfusion, 12
Z. Rose, J. Liebowitz (1970)
Direct determination of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate.Analytical biochemistry, 35 1
Moroff Moroff, Sohmer Sohmer, Button Button (1984)
Members of the Ad Hoc Committee. Proposed standardization of methods for determining the 24‐hour survival of stored red cellsTransfusion, 24
(1970)
RBC SURVIVAL AFTER FROZEN STORAGE tiveness of homologous erythrocyte transfusions following frozen storage at -80 C for up to seven years
(1977)
Standards for blood banks and transfusion services.QRB. Quality review bulletin, 3 12
L. Wolfe (1985)
The membrane and the lesions of storage in preserved red cellsTransfusion, 25
(1985)
Clinical studies of stored leukopoor units prepared with an integral in-line filter (abstract)
H. Adam (1965)
Adenosine-5′-triphosphate: Determination with Phosphoglycerate Kinase
(1962)
A method of determining hemoglobin in serum and urine
Current standards recommend that red cells (RBCs) should be frozen within 6 days of donation. There are situations, however, in which it is desirable to freeze RBCs that are older than 6 days, such as for the salvage of rare or autologous units. To determine the therapeutic efficacy of RBCs frozen after prolonged liquid storage, standard units were drawn from nine normal donors and stored at 4° C for 42 days in a nutrient‐additive solution, AS‐3. 51 Cr RBC survival assays were performed (24‐hour survival: 78.2 ± 12.4%; n = 8) and the units were frozen at −8° C in glycerol for 8 weeks. After deglycerolization, the mean RBC recovery was 81.0 ± 4.1 percent and the mean 24‐hour51 Cr survival was 78.0 ± 9.1 percent. The index of therapeutic effectiveness (ITE) was determined by multiplying the postdeglycerolization 24‐hour51 Cr survival by the mean RBC recovery (63.3 ± 9.2). ITE values >60 percent (75% 51 Cr survival X 80% RBC recovery) were considered acceptable. Mean adenosine triphosphate levels declined from an initial 3.81 ± 0.56 μmol per g of hemoglobin to 2.33 ± 0.55 μmol per g after frozen storage. These findings show that an acceptable percentage of RBCs survives frozen storage after maximum liquid storage (mean ITE >60%). If necessary, RBCs stored in AS‐3 can be frozen at any time before 42 days.
Transfusion – Wiley
Published: Mar 4, 1989
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