Considerations on Countering the Actions Aimed at Banning Access and Restricting Freedom of Action (A2AD)

Land Forces Academy Review Vol. XXVI, No. 4(104), 2021 CONSIDERATIONS ON COUNTERING THE ACTIONS AIMED AT BANNING ACCESS AND RESTRICTING FREEDOM OF ACTION (A2AD) Ionuț Alin CÎRDEI “Nicolae Bălcescu” Land Forces Academy, Sibiu, Romania cirdei_alin@yahoo.com Laviniu BOJOR “Nicolae Bălcescu” Land Forces Academy, Sibiu, Romania laviniu.bojor@gmail.com ABSTRACT Each state seeks to protect its territory from external threats using a wide range of forces and means, which combine the strike power with increased possibilities of detection given by the use of modern technologies. In this regard, we can see that some states have developed complex active and passive defense systems with the purpose of banning access and controlling certain key areas and aimed at both discouraging potential aggressors and protecting vital interests. For states with regional or global ambitions, the successful conduct of access operations in the area of operations, in a permissive, semi-permissive or hostile environment must be a priority. Access operations in a semi-permissive or hostile environment involve the use of tailored capabilities to deal with the opponent’s defense system and to overcome A2AD’s abilities. KEYWORDS: anti-access, area denial, entry, operations, counter technology of the time and was closely 1. Introduction Prohibiting the access of the related to the characteristics of weapons and adversary to certain objectives or to his own combat equipment, which for millennia had territory and limiting his freedom of action a range limited to tens or hundreds of have been concerns for military strategies meters. After the development of the air throughout history. In all conflicts, the dimension, these defense walls became party trying to defend itself resorted to useless, and the attempt to limit access various tactics to block or delay the gained a new face. Thus, with the advent of opponent. This is how the city walls, the...