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(1998)
Hyperbolic insulin secretion/sensitivity relation in 3 ethnic groups: Severe B-cell defect in those with impaired glucose tolerance
- Publisher
- de Gruyter
- Copyright
- Copyright © 1998 by the
- ISSN
- 0792-6855
- eISSN
- 2191-0286
- DOI
- 10.1515/JBCPP.1998.9.2-4.205
- Publisher site
- See Article on Publisher Site
Abstract
Mechanisms of insulin resistance in subjects at risk for type 2 diabetes remain to be elucidated. Insulin acts slowly in vivo, but rapidly in vitro, suggesting that the pathway insulin traverses from B-cell to insulin sensitive tissue may be altered in diabetes. An important component of that pathway is transport of insulin across the capillary endothelium. Several groups have demonstrated that insulin resistance may result from reduced capillary permeability to insulin — it remains to be determined whether reduced permeability contributes to insulin resistance in any stage leading to type 2 diabetes. Interestingly, the transport of insulin across the endothelial barrier not only limits the rate of insulin to stimulate glucose uptake by skeletal muscle, but appears also to determine the rate at which insulin suppresses liver glucose output. Because the liver circulation is fenestrated, it is not possible that insulin transport into the liver is the rate determining step for suppression of liver glucose output. An alternative hypothesis was considered — that insulin is transported into an extrahepatic tissue. A \"second signal\" is generated by the extrahepatic tissue, the signal is released into the blood, and the signal in turn controls hepatic glucose output. Several lines of
Journal
Journal of Basic & Clinical Physiology & Pharmacology – de Gruyter
Published: Dec 1, 1998