Access the full text.
Sign up today, get DeepDyve free for 14 days.
Esteban Ortiz-Ospinacite (2020)
World population growthOECD-FAO Agricultural Outlook
P. Vitousek, H. Mooney, J. Lubchenco, J. Melillo (1997)
Human Domination of Earth’s EcosystemsRenewable Energy
L. Maréchal, A. MacLarnon, B. Majolo, S. Semple (2016)
Primates’ behavioural responses to tourists: evidence for a trade-off between potential risks and benefitsScientific Reports, 6
M. Hsu, Chien-Ching Kao, G. Agoramoorthy (2009)
Interactions between visitors and Formosan macaques (Macaca cyclopis) at Shou‐Shan Nature Park, TaiwanAmerican Journal of Primatology, 71
S. Menon, F. Poirier (1996)
Lion-tailed macaques (Macaca silenus) in a disturbed forest fragment: Activity patterns and time budgetInternational Journal of Primatology, 17
R. Murton, A. Isaacson, N. Westwood (2009)
The significance of gregarious feeding behaviour and adrenal stress in a population of Wood-pigeons Columba palumbusJournal of Zoology, 165
Charlotte Carne, Sue Wiper, S. Semple (2011)
Reciprocation and interchange of grooming, agonistic support, feeding tolerance, and aggression in semi‐free‐ranging Barbary macaquesAmerican Journal of Primatology, 73
(2012)
The behavior, ecology, and social evolution of cercopithecine monkeys
N. Owen‐Smith (1998)
How high ambient temperature affects the daily activity and foraging time of a subtropical ungulate, the greater kudu (Tragelaphus strepsiceros)Journal of Zoology, 246
Tania Saj, P. Sicotte, J. Paterson (1999)
Influence of Human Food Consumption on the Time Budget of VervetsInternational Journal of Primatology, 20
Robin Dunbar (1987)
Primate social systems
Robin Dunbar, P. Dunbar (1988)
Maternal time budgets of gelada baboonsAnimal Behaviour, 36
P. Marty, B. Beisner, S. Kaburu, K. Balasubramaniam, E. Bliss-Moreau, Nadine Ruppert, Shahrul SAH, Ahmad Ismail, Małgorzata Arlet, E. Atwill, B. McCowan (2019)
Time constraints imposed by anthropogenic environments alter social behaviour in longtailed macaquesAnimal Behaviour, 150
A. Korstjens, Ingrid Verhoeckx, Robin Dunbar (2006)
Time as a constraint on group size in spider monkeysBehavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 60
P. Siikamäki (1998)
LIMITATION OF REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS BY FOOD AVAILABILITY AND BREEDING TIME IN PIED FLYCATCHERSEcology, 79
C. Hemelrijk (1994)
Support for being groomed in long-tailed macaques, Macaca fascicularisAnimal Behaviour, 48
K. Balasubramaniam, C. Berman (2017)
Grooming interchange for resource tolerance: biological markets principles within a group of free-ranging rhesus macaquesBehaviour, 154
I. Szott, Y. Pretorius, N. Koyama (2019)
Behavioural changes in African elephants in response to wildlife tourismJournal of Zoology
D. Lott, Michael McCoy (1995)
Asian rhinos Rhinoceros unicornis on the run? Impact of tourist visits on one populationBiological Conservation, 73
H. Fushing, M. McAssey, B. Beisner, B. McCowan (2011)
Ranking Network of a Captive Rhesus Macaque Society: A Sophisticated Corporative KingdomPLoS ONE, 6
A. Korstjens, J. Lehmann, Robin Dunbar (2010)
Resting time as an ecological constraint on primate biogeographyAnimal Behaviour, 79
Barbara Tiddi, F. Aureli, E. Sorrentino, C. Janson, G. Schino (2011)
Grooming for tolerance? Two mechanisms of exchange in wild tufted capuchin monkeysBehavioral Ecology, 22
C. Frère, M. Krützen, J. Mann, R. Connor, L. Bejder, W. Sherwin (2010)
Social and genetic interactions drive fitness variation in a free-living dolphin populationProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 107
F. Johansson, L. Rowe (1999)
LIFE HISTORY AND BEHAVIORAL RESPONSES TO TIME CONSTRAINTS IN A DAMSELFLYEcology, 80
K. Grover, M. Thompson (1986)
Factors influencing spring feeding site selection by elk in the Elkhorn Mountains, MontanaJournal of Wildlife Management, 50
Robin Dunbar, A. Korstjens, J. Lehmann (2009)
Time as an ecological constraintBiological Reviews, 84
A. Chauhan, R. Pirta (2010)
Agonistic Interactions between Humans and Two Species of Monkeys (Rhesus Monkey Macaca mulatta and Hanuman Langur Semnopithecus entellus) in Shimla, Himachal PradeshJournal of Psychology, 1
M. McLennan, J. Ganzhorn (2017)
Nutritional Characteristics of Wild and Cultivated Foods for Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) in Agricultural LandscapesInternational Journal of Primatology, 38
R. Rhine, Robert Cox, Michael Costello (1989)
A twenty‐year study of long‐term and temporary dominance relations among stumptailed macaques (Macaca arctoides)American Journal of Primatology, 19
B. Hoebel, N. Avena, M. Bocarsly, P. Rada (2009)
Natural Addiction: A Behavioral and Circuit Model Based on Sugar Addiction in RatsJournal of Addiction Medicine, 3
A. Hodgson, H. Marsh, P. Corkeron (2004)
Provisioning by tourists affects the behaviour but not the body condition of Mareeba rock-wallabies (Petrogale mareeba)Wildlife Research, 31
Maureen McCarthy, M. Matheson, Jack Lester, L. Sheeran, Jin-hua Li, R. Wagner (2009)
Sequences of Tibetan Macaque (Macaca thibetana) and Tourist Behaviors at Mt. Huangshan, China, 24
P. Backwell, N. Passmore (1996)
Time constraints and multiple choice criteria in the sampling behaviour and mate choice of the fiddler crab, Uca annulipesBehavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 38
S. Kaburu, Newton-Fisher, Nicholas E, N. Newton-Fisher, S. Kaburu, E. Shriver
Kent Academic Repository Versions of Research Enquiries Citation for Published Version Link to Record in Kar Egalitarian Despots: Hierarchy Steepness, Reciprocity and the Grooming-trade Model in Wild Chimpanzees, Pan Troglodytes
M. Duchesne, S. Côté, C. Barrette (2000)
Responses of woodland caribou to winter ecotourism in the Charlevoix Biosphere Reserve, CanadaBiological Conservation, 96
J. Herbers (1981)
Time resources and laziness in animalsOecologia, 49
Christopher Young, B. Majolo, M. Heistermann, O. Schülke, J. Ostner (2014)
Responses to social and environmental stress are attenuated by strong male bonds in wild macaquesProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 111
E. Riley, B. Tolbert, W. Farida (2013)
Nutritional content explains the attractiveness of cacao to crop raiding Tonkean macaquesCurrent Zoology, 59
E. Riley (2007)
Flexibility in Diet and Activity Patterns of Macaca tonkeana in Response to Anthropogenic Habitat AlterationInternational Journal of Primatology, 28
Nancy Priston, M. McLennan (2013)
Managing Humans, Managing Macaques: Human–Macaque Conflict in Asia and Africa
A. Gelman (2008)
Scaling regression inputs by dividing by two standard deviationsStatistics in Medicine, 27
(2004)
Matrilineal kinship and primate behavior
Robin Dunbar (2010)
The social role of touch in humans and primates: Behavioural function and neurobiological mechanismsNeuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 34
D. Petit, K. Bildstein (1987)
Effect of group size and location within the group on the foraging behavior of White IbisesThe Condor, 89
Abderrazak Alami, Els Lavieren, Aboufatima Rachida, A. Chait (2012)
Differences in Activity Budgets and Diet Between Semiprovisioned and Wild‐Feeding Groups of the Endangered Barbary Macaque (Macaca sylvanus) in the Central High Atlas Mountains, MoroccoAmerican Journal of Primatology, 74
M. Firoj, Jaman bullet, M. Huffman (2012)
The effect of urban and rural habitats and resource type on activity budgets of commensal rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) in BangladeshPrimates, 54
K. Burnham, David Anderson, K. Huyvaert (2011)
AIC model selection and multimodel inference in behavioral ecology: some background, observations, and comparisonsBehavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 65
V. Formica, C. Wood, W. Larsen, R. Butterfield, Malcolm Augat, Helen Hougen, Edmund Brodie (2012)
Fitness consequences of social network position in a wild population of forked fungus beetles (Bolitotherus cornutus)Journal of Evolutionary Biology, 25
Jean-François Aublet, M. Festa‐Bianchet, D. Bergero, B. Bassano (2009)
Temperature constraints on foraging behaviour of male Alpine ibex (Capra ibex) in summerOecologia, 159
G. Schino, Eugenia Sorrentino, Barbara Tiddi (2007)
Grooming and coalitions in Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata): partner choice and the time frame reciprocation.Journal of comparative psychology, 121 2
F. Johansson, R. Stoks, L. Rowe, M. Block (2001)
LIFE HISTORY PLASTICITY IN A DAMSELFLY: EFFECTS OF COMBINED TIME AND BIOTIC CONSTRAINTSEcology, 82
M. Gumert, M. Ho (2008)
The trade balance of grooming and its coordination of reciprocation and tolerance in Indonesian long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis)Primates, 49
P. Kappeler, S. Cremer, C. Nunn (2015)
Sociality and health: impacts of sociality on disease susceptibility and transmission in animal and human societiesPhilosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 370
J. Altmann (1974)
Observational study of behavior: sampling methods.Behaviour, 49 3
Robin Dunbar, Jianbin Shi (2013)
Time as a constraint on the distribution of feral goats at high latitudesOikos, 122
C. Chapman, R. Wrangham, L. Chapman (2004)
Ecological constraints on group size: an analysis of spider monkey and chimpanzee subgroupsBehavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 36
K. Rode, P. Chiyo, C. Chapman, L. Mcdowell (2006)
Nutritional ecology of elephants in Kibale National Park, Uganda, and its relationship with crop-raiding behaviourJournal of Tropical Ecology, 22
A. Pusey (1987)
Dispersal and philopatry
J. Lehmann, A. Korstjens, Robin Dunbar (2010)
Apes in a changing world – the effects of global warming on the behaviour and distribution of African apesJournal of Biogeography, 37
G. Keys, L. Dugatkin (1990)
Flock Size and Position Effects on Vigilance, Aggression, and Prey Capture in the European StarlingThe Condor, 92
S. Kaburu, P. Marty, B. Beisner, K. Balasubramaniam, E. Bliss-Moreau, Kawaljit Kaur, L. Mohan, B. McCowan (2018)
Rates of human-macaque interactions affect grooming behavior among urban-dwelling rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta).American journal of physical anthropology, 168 1
D. Xia, Jin-hua Li, P. Garber, M. Matheson, Binghua Sun, Yong Zhu (2013)
Grooming reciprocity in male Tibetan macaquesAmerican Journal of Primatology, 75
B. Majolo, Els Lavieren, L. Maréchal, A. MacLarnon, Garry Marvin, M. Qarro, S. Semple (2013)
Out of Asia: The Singular Case of the Barbary Macaque
S. Lewis, E. Schreiber, F. Daunt, G. Schenk, S. Wanless, K. Hamer (2004)
Flexible foraging patterns under different time constraints in tropical boobiesAnimal Behaviour, 68
J. Silk, S. Alberts, J. Altmann (2003)
Social Bonds of Female Baboons Enhance Infant SurvivalScience, 302
S. Richards, M. Whittingham, P. Stephens (2010)
Model selection and model averaging in behavioural ecology: the utility of the IT-AIC frameworkBehavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 65
S. Koirala, M. Chalise, H. Katuwal, Raju Gaire, B. Pandey, H. Ogawa (2017)
Diet and Activity of Macaca assamensis in Wild and Semi-Provisioned Groups in Shivapuri Nagarjun National Park, NepalFolia Primatologica, 88
Raffaella Ventura, B. Majolo, N. Koyama, Scott Hardie, G. Schino (2006)
Reciprocation and interchange in wild Japanese macaques: grooming, cofeeding, and agonistic supportAmerican Journal of Primatology, 68
J. Black, C. Carbone, R. Wells, M. Owen (1992)
Foraging dynamics in goose flocks: the cost of living on the edgeAnimal Behaviour, 44
(1998)
The ecology and behavior of vervet monkeys in a human-modified environment
A. Fuentes (2012)
Ethnoprimatology and the Anthropology of the Human-Primate Interface ∗Annual Review of Anthropology, 41
D. Xia, Jinhua Li, P. Garber, Lixing Sun, Yong Zhu, Binghua Sun (2012)
Grooming Reciprocity in Female Tibetan Macaques Macaca ThibetanaAmerican Journal of Primatology, 74
Robin Dunbar (1996)
Determinants of Group Size in Primates: A General Model, 88
A. Chauhan, R. Pirta (2010)
Socio-ecology of Two Species of Non-Human Primates, Rhesus Monkey (Macaca mulatta) and Hanuman Langur (Semnopithecus entellus), in Shimla, Himachal PradeshJournal of Human Ecology, 30
B. Beisner, B. Beisner, A. Heagerty, A. Heagerty, Shannon Seil, Shannon Seil, K. Balasubramaniam, E. Atwill, B. Gupta, P. Tyagi, N. Chauhan, B. Bonal, P. Sinha, B. McCowan, B. McCowan (2015)
Human-wildlife conflict: proximate predictors of aggression between humans and rhesus macaques in India.American journal of physical anthropology, 156 2
Robin Dunbar, L. Hannah-Stewart, P. Dunbar (2002)
Forage quality and the costs of lactation for female gelada baboonsAnimal Behaviour, 64
Robin Dunbar (1992)
Time: a hidden constraint on the behavioural ecology of baboonsBehavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 31
S. Henazi, L. Barrett, L. Barrett (2007)
The value of grooming to female primatesPrimates, 40
B. Beisner, M. Jackson, A. Cameron, B. McCowan (2011)
Detecting Instability in Animal Social Networks: Genetic Fragmentation Is Associated with Social Instability in Rhesus MacaquesPLoS ONE, 6
A. Korstjens, J. Lehmann, Robin Dunbar (2018)
Time Constraints Do Not Limit Group Size in Arboreal Guenons but Do Explain Community Size and Distribution PatternsInternational Journal of Primatology, 39
Valerie Lipetz, M. Bekoff (2010)
Group Size and Vigilance in PronghornsEthology, 58
Robin Dunbar (1991)
Functional significance of social grooming in primatesFolia Primatologica, 57
(2011)
India's rhesus population: protection versus conservation management
B. McCowan, B. Beisner, Darcy Hannibal (2018)
Social management of laboratory rhesus macaques housed in large groups using a network approach: A reviewBehavioural Processes, 156
Richard McFarland, L. Barrett, Ria Boner, N. Freeman, S. Henzi (2014)
Behavioral flexibility of vervet monkeys in response to climatic and social variability.American journal of physical anthropology, 154 3
Kimberly Pollard, D. Blumstein (2008)
Time allocation and the evolution of group sizeAnimal Behaviour, 76
Fany Brotcorne, Fany Brotcorne, Fany Brotcorne, Gwennan Giraud, Noëlle Gunst, A. Fuentes, I. Wandia, R. Beudels‐Jamar, P. Poncin, M. Huynen, J. Leca (2017)
Intergroup variation in robbing and bartering by long-tailed macaques at Uluwatu Temple (Bali, Indonesia)Primates, 58
F. Waal, L. Luttrell (1985)
The formal hierarchy of rhesus macaques: An investigation of the bared‐teeth displayAmerican Journal of Primatology, 9
Kurnia Ilham, Rizaldi, J. Nurdin, Y. Tsuji (2018)
Effect of Provisioning on the Temporal Variation in the Activity Budget of Urban Long-Tailed Macaques (Macaca fascicularis) in West Sumatra, IndonesiaFolia Primatologica, 89
T. Clutton‐Brock (2002)
Breeding together: kin selection and mutualism in cooperative vertebrates.Science, 296 5565
J. Fooden (2000)
Systematic review of the rhesus macaque, Macaca mulatta (Zimmermann, 1780) / Jack Fooden.
N. Snyder‐Mackler, J. Kohn, L. Barreiro, Z. Johnson, M. Wilson, Jenny Tung (2016)
Social status drives social relationships in groups of unrelated female rhesus macaquesAnimal Behaviour, 111
(1988)
Dynamics of exploitation: differential energetic adaptations of two troops of baboons to recent human contact
H. Thatcher, C. Downs, N. Koyama (2019)
Anthropogenic influences on the time budgets of urban vervet monkeysLandscape and Urban Planning
(2015)
Perc: using percolation and conductance to find information flow certainty in a direct network
AbstractTime is a valuable but limited resource, and animals’ survival depends on their ability to carefully manage the amount of time they allocate to each daily activity. While existing research has examined the ecological factors affecting animals’ activity budgets, the impact of anthropogenic factors on urban-dwelling animals’ time budgets remains understudied. Here we collected data through focal animal sampling from three groups of rhesus macaques in Northern India to examine whether interactions with humans decrease macaques’ resting and social time (time constraints hypothesis), or whether, by contrast, foraging on anthropogenic food, that is potentially high in calories, leads macaques to spend more time resting and in social interactions (free time hypothesis). We found that macaques who interacted more frequently with people spent significantly less time resting and grooming, supporting the time constraints hypothesis. We argue that these time constraints are likely caused by the unpredictability of human behaviour.
Behaviour – Brill
Published: Mar 7, 2019
Read and print from thousands of top scholarly journals.
Already have an account? Log in
Bookmark this article. You can see your Bookmarks on your DeepDyve Library.
To save an article, log in first, or sign up for a DeepDyve account if you don’t already have one.
Copy and paste the desired citation format or use the link below to download a file formatted for EndNote
Access the full text.
Sign up today, get DeepDyve free for 14 days.
All DeepDyve websites use cookies to improve your online experience. They were placed on your computer when you launched this website. You can change your cookie settings through your browser.