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Reflections on the First Man vs. Machine No-Limit Texas Hold 'em Competition SAM GANZFRIED The first ever human vs. computer no-limit Texas hold 'em competition took place from April 24May 8, 2015 at River's Casino in Pittsburgh, PA. In this article I present my thoughts on the competition design, agent architecture, and lessons learned. Categories and Subject Descriptors: I.2.11 [Distributed Artificial Intelligence]: Multiagent Systems; J.4 [Social and Behavioral Sciences]: Economics General Terms: Algorithms, Design, Documentation, Economics, Experimentation, Theory Additional Key Words and Phrases: Artificial Intelligence, Game Theory, Imperfect Information 1. INTRODUCTION The first ever human vs. computer no-limit Texas hold 'em competition took place from April 24May 8, 2015 at River's Casino in Pittsburgh, PA, organized by Carnegie Mellon University Professor Tuomas Sandholm. 20,000 hands of twoplayer no-limit Texas hold 'em were played between the computer program "Claudico" and four of the top human specialists in this variation of poker, Dong Kim, Jason Les, Bjorn Li, and Doug Polk (so 80,000 hands were played in total).1 To evaluate the performance, we used "duplicate" scoring, in which the same hands were played twice with the cards reversed to reduce the role of luck (and Polk tweeted a list on
ACM SIGecom Exchanges – Association for Computing Machinery
Published: Mar 16, 2016
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