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The immunological response can be defined as the capacity to react to antigen stimulation with the production of specific antibodies or sensitized cells, which themselves may represent antibody-containing cells. Antibodies are molecules capable of performing two types of functions: to react with antigen and to mediate certain defense mechanisms, by the action of com plement factors or the liberation of vasoactive amines which elicit inflamma tion. These two sets of properties, immunological specificity and biological activities, have been found to depend upon different parts of the 7S 'Y-globu lin molecule, as separated by papain cleavage (1). The immunological specificity is contained in Porter pieces I and II (1), the capacity to fix com plement (2) and to bind to tissue receptors in the guinea pig is a function of piece III of Porter (3). Since piece III appears to contain only H chains (4, 5), the biological properties can be considered to be properties of these chains of 7S antibody molecules. The two sets of properties of the same molecule ensures that these biological properties are selectively directed. Thus, under ideal conditions, the immunological process directs the mechanisms of de fense of the host toward invading foreign organisms,
Annual Review of Microbiology – Annual Reviews
Published: Oct 1, 1963
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