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- Publisher
- Annual Reviews
- Copyright
- Copyright 2017 by Annual Reviews. All rights reserved
- ISSN
- 0066-4227
- eISSN
- 1545-3251
- DOI
- 10.1146/annurev-micro-090816-093403
- pmid
- 28657889
- Publisher site
- See Article on Publisher Site
Abstract
The fungal phylum Ascomycota comprises three subphyla: Saccharomycotina, Pezizomycotina, and Taphrinomycotina. In many Saccharomycotina species, cell identity is determined by genes at the MAT (mating-type) locus; mating occurs between MATa and MAT cells. Some species can switch between MATa and MAT mating types. Switching in the Saccharomycotina originated in the common ancestor of the Saccharomycetaceae, Pichiaceae, and Metschnikowiaceae families, as a flipflop mechanism that inverted a section of chromosome. Switching was subsequently lost in the Metschnikowiaceae, including Candida albicans, but became more complex in the Saccharomycetaceae when the mechanism changed from inversion to copy-and-paste between HMLHMR and MAT. Based on their phylogenetic closeness and the similarity of their MTL (mating-type like) loci, some Metschnikowia species may provide useful models for the sexual cycles of Candida species. Conservation of synteny demonstrates that, despite changes in its gene content, a single orthologous locus (MATMTL) has controlled cell type throughout ascomycete evolution.
Journal
Annual Review of Microbiology – Annual Reviews
Published: Sep 8, 2017