Access the full text.
Sign up today, get DeepDyve free for 14 days.
M. Shapiro, H. Wernli, J. Bao, J. Methven, X. Zou, J. Doyle, T. Holt, Evelyn Donall-Grell, P. Neiman (1999)
A Planetary-Scale to Mesoscale Perspective of the Life Cycles of Extratropical Cyclones: The Bridge between Theory and Observations
I. Orlanski, E. Chang (1993)
Ageostrophic Geopotential Fluxes in Downstream and Upstream Development of Baroclinic WavesJournal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 50
R. McTaggart‐Cowan, L. Bosart, J. Gyakum, E. Atallah (2007)
Hurricane Katrina (2005). Part II: Evolution and Hemispheric Impacts of a Diabatically Generated Warm PoolMonthly Weather Review, 135
A. Westerling, D. Cayan, T. Brown, B. Hall, L. Riddle (2004)
Climate, Santa Ana Winds and Autumn Wildfires in Southern CaliforniaEos, Transactions American Geophysical Union, 85
C. Grams, H. Archambault (2016)
The Key Role of Diabatic Outflow in Amplifying the Midlatitude Flow: A Representative Case Study of Weather Systems Surrounding Western North Pacific Extratropical TransitionMonthly Weather Review, 144
H. Sodemann, A. Stohl (2013)
Moisture Origin and Meridional Transport in Atmospheric Rivers and Their Association with Multiple CyclonesMonthly Weather Review, 141
D. Anwender, P. Harr, S. Jones (2008)
Predictability Associated with the Downstream Impacts of the Extratropical Transition of Tropical Cyclones: Case StudiesMonthly Weather Review, 136
Z. Handlos, Jonathan Martin (2016)
Composite Analysis of Large-Scale Environments Conducive to Western Pacific Polar/Subtropical Jet SuperpositionJournal of Climate, 29
A. Fore, B. Stiles, A. Chau, B. Williams, R. Dunbar, E. Rodríguez (2014)
Point-Wise Wind Retrieval and Ambiguity Removal Improvements for the QuikSCAT Climatological Data SetIEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 52
S. Cavallo, G. Hakim (2010)
Composite Structure of Tropopause Polar CyclonesMonthly Weather Review, 138
C. Appenzeller, H. Davies (1992)
Structure of stratospheric intrusions into the troposphereNature, 358
(2005)
The NCEP Stage II/IV hourly precipitation analyses: Development and applications
M. Boettcher, H. Wernli (2011)
Life Cycle Study of a Diabatic Rossby Wave as a Precursor to Rapid Cyclogenesis in the North Atlantic—Dynamics and Forecast PerformanceMonthly Weather Review, 139
H. Wernli, H. Davies (1997)
A Lagrangian‐based analysis of extratropical cyclones. I: The method and some applicationsQuarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, 123
T. Hamill, G. Bates, J. Whitaker, D. Murray, M. Fiorino, Thomas Galarneau, Yuejian Zhu, W. Lapenta (2013)
NOAA's Second-Generation Global Medium-Range Ensemble Reforecast DatasetBulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 94
Alexia Massacand, H. Wernli, H. Davies (2001)
Influence of Upstream Diabatic Heating upon an Alpine Event of Heavy PrecipitationMonthly Weather Review, 129
G. Hakim, Amelia Canavan (2005)
Observed Cyclone-Anticyclone Tropopause Vortex AsymmetriesJournal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 62
S. Cavallo, G. Hakim (2013)
Physical Mechanisms of Tropopause Polar Vortex Intensity ChangeJournal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 70
J. Cordeira, L. Bosart (2010)
The Antecedent Large-Scale Conditions of the “Perfect Storms” of Late October and Early November 1991Monthly Weather Review, 138
Tess Parker, G. Berry, M. Reeder (2014)
The Structure and Evolution of Heat Waves in Southeastern AustraliaJournal of Climate, 27
J. Cordeira, F. Ralph, B. Moore (2013)
The Development and Evolution of Two Atmospheric Rivers in Proximity to Western North Pacific Tropical Cyclones in October 2010Monthly Weather Review, 141
I. Orlanski, J. Sheldon (1995)
Stages in the energetics of baroclinic systemsTellus A, 47
Florian Pantillon, J. Chaboureau, E. Richard (2015)
Remote impact of North Atlantic hurricanes on the Mediterranean during episodes of intense rainfall in autumn 2012Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, 141
R. Hart, Richard Grumm (2001)
Using Normalized Climatological Anomalies to Rank Synoptic-Scale Events ObjectivelyMonthly Weather Review, 129
B. Moore, P. Neiman, F. Ralph, Faye Barthold (2011)
Physical Processes Associated with Heavy Flooding Rainfall in Nashville, Tennessee, and Vicinity during 1–2 May 2010: The Role of an Atmospheric River and Mesoscale Convective Systems*Monthly Weather Review, 140
Jon Keeley, H. Safford, C. Fotheringham, J. Franklin, M. Moritz, Jon Keeley (2009)
The 2007 Southern California Wildfires: Lessons in ComplexityJournal of Forestry, 107
A. Aiyyer (2015)
Recurving western North Pacific tropical cyclones and midlatitude predictabilityGeophysical Research Letters, 42
E. Chang, Daniel Yu (1999)
Characteristics of wave packets in the upper troposphere. Part I : Northern Hemisphere winterJournal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 56
M. McIntyre, T. Palmer (1984)
The «surf zone» in the stratosphereJournal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics, 46
Thomas Galarneau, T. Hamill, R. Dole, J. Perlwitz (2012)
A Multiscale Analysis of the Extreme Weather Events over Western Russia and Northern Pakistan during July 2010Monthly Weather Review, 140
B. Colle, C. Mass (1995)
The Structure and Evolution of Cold Surges East of the Rocky MountainsMonthly Weather Review, 123
J. Nielsen‐Gammon, R. Lefevre (1996)
Piecewise Tendency Diagnosis of Dynamical Processes Governing the Development of an Upper-Tropospheric Mobile TroughJournal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 53
M. Stoelinga (1996)
A Potential Vorticity-Based Study of the Role of Diabatic Heating and Friction in a Numerically Simulated Baroclinic CycloneMonthly Weather Review, 124
M. Sprenger, O. Martius, J. Arnold (2013)
Cold surge episodes over southeastern Brazil – a potential vorticity perspectiveInternational Journal of Climatology, 33
D. Raymond, H. Jiang (1990)
A Theory for Long-Lived Mesoscale Convective SystemsJournal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 47
M. Raphael (2003)
The Santa Ana Winds of CaliforniaEarth Interactions, 7
M. Rodwell, L. Magnusson, P. Bauer, P. Bechtold, M. Bonavita, C. Cardinali, M. Diamantakis, P. Earnshaw, A. García-Méndez, L. Isaksen, E. Källén, D. Klocke, P. Lopez, T. McNally, A. Persson, F. Prates, N. Wedi (2013)
Characteristics of occasional poor medium-range weather forecasts for EuropeBulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 94
A. Simmons, B. Hoskins (1979)
The Downstream and Upstream Development of Unstable Baroclinic WavesJournal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 36
P. Harr, Jonathan Dea (2008)
Downstream development associated with the extratropical transition of tropical cyclones over the western North PacificMonthly Weather Review, 137
S. Jones, P. Harr, J. Abraham, L. Bosart, P. Bowyer, J. Evans, D. Hanley, B. Hanstrum, R. Hart, F. Lalaurette, M. Sinclair, Roger Smith, C. Thorncroft (2003)
The extratropical transition of tropical cyclones : forecast challenges, current understanding, and future directionsWeather and Forecasting, 18
P. Dirmeyer, J. Kinter (2010)
Floods over the U.S. Midwest: A Regional Water Cycle PerspectiveJournal of Hydrometeorology, 11
C. Grams, H. Wernli, M. Böttcher, J. Čampa, U. Corsmeier, S. Jones, J. Keller, C. Lenz, L. Wiegand (2011)
The key role of diabatic processes in modifying the upper‐tropospheric wave guide: a North Atlantic case‐studyQuarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, 137
M. Riemer, S. Jones (2010)
The downstream impact of tropical cyclones on a developing baroclinic wave in idealized scenarios of extratropical transitionQuarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, 136
(2010)
andO.Martius, 2014b:Warmconveyor belts in theERA-Interimdataset (1979–2010)
C. Thorncroft, B. Hoskins, M. McIntyre (1993)
Two paradigms of baroclinic‐wave life‐cycle behaviourQuarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, 119
O. Martius, C. Schwierz, H. Davies (2008)
Far‐upstream precursors of heavy precipitation events on the Alpine south‐sideQuarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, 134
M. Riemer, S. Jones, Christopher Davis (2008)
The impact of extratropical transition on the downstream flow: An idealized modelling study with a straight jetQuarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, 134
W. Steenburgh, D. Schultz, B. Colle (1998)
The Structure and Evolution of Gap Outflow over the Gulf of Tehuantepec, MexicoMonthly Weather Review, 126
Alexia Massacand, H. Wernli, H. Davies (1998)
Heavy precipitation on the alpine southside: An upper‐level precursorGeophysical Research Letters, 25
M. McIntyre, T. Palmer (1983)
Breaking planetary waves in the stratosphereNature, 305
H. Archambault, L. Bosart, D. Keyser, J. Cordeira (2013)
A Climatological Analysis of the Extratropical Flow Response to Recurving Western North Pacific Tropical CyclonesMonthly Weather Review, 141
R. Draxler (1998)
An Overview of the HYSPLIT_4 Modelling System for Trajectories, Dispersion, and Deposition
C. Grams, S. Lang, J. Keller (2015)
A quantitative assessment of the sensitivity of the downstream midlatitude flow response to extratropical transition of tropical cyclonesGeophysical Research Letters, 42
M. Boettcher, H. Wernli (2015)
Diabatic Rossby waves in the Southern HemisphereQuarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, 141
M. Hughes, A. Hall (2010)
Local and synoptic mechanisms causing Southern California’s Santa Ana windsClimate Dynamics, 34
K. Knapp, M. Kruk, D. Levinson, H. Diamond, C. Neumann (2010)
The International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship (IBTrACS): unifying tropical cyclone data.Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 91
Michael Dickinson, L. Bosart, W. Bracken, G. Hakim, D. Schultz, M. Bedrick, Kevin Tyle (1997)
The March 1993 Superstorm Cyclogenesis: Incipient Phase Synoptic- and Convective-Scale Flow Interaction and Model PerformanceMonthly Weather Review, 125
Atallah (2003)
The extratropical transition and precipitation distribution of Hurricane Floyd (1999)Mon. Wea. Rev., 131
E. Chang, I. Orlanski (1993)
On the Dynamics of a Storm TrackJournal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 50
R. Torn, J. Whitaker, P. Pegion, T. Hamill, G. Hakim (2015)
Diagnosis of the Source of GFS Medium-Range Track Errors in Hurricane Sandy (2012)Monthly Weather Review, 143
E. Madonna, H. Wernli, H. Joos, O. Martius (2014)
Warm Conveyor Belts in the ERA-Interim Dataset (1979–2010): Part I: Climatology and Potential Vorticity EvolutionJournal of Climate, 27
A. Agustí-Panareda, C. Thorncroft, G. Craig, S. Gray (2004)
The extratropical transition of hurricane Irene (1999): A potential‐vorticity perspectiveQuarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, 130
P. Knippertz, Jonathan Martin (2005)
Tropical plumes and extreme precipitation in subtropical and tropical West AfricaQuarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, 131
E. Chang (2005)
The Impact of Wave Packets Propagating across Asia on Pacific Cyclone DevelopmentMonthly Weather Review, 133
E. Atallah, L. Bosart (2003)
The Extratropical Transition and Precipitation Distribution of Hurricane Floyd (1999)Monthly Weather Review, 131
R. Moore, M. Montgomery (2004)
Reexamining the Dynamics of Short-Scale, Diabatic Rossby Waves and Their Role in Midlatitude Moist CyclogenesisJournal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 61
C. Grams, Sandro Blumer (2015)
European high‐impact weather caused by the downstream response to the extratropical transition of North Atlantic Hurricane Katia (2011)Geophysical Research Letters, 42
E. Madonna, S. Limbach, C. Aebi, H. Joos, H. Wernli, O. Martius (2014)
On the Co-Occurrence of Warm Conveyor Belt Outflows and PV Streamers*Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 71
B. Moore, L. Bosart, D. Keyser, Michael Jurewicz (2013)
Synoptic-Scale Environments of Predecessor Rain Events Occurring East of the Rocky Mountains in Association with Atlantic Basin Tropical Cyclones*Monthly Weather Review, 141
Kyle Griffin, L. Bosart (2014)
The Extratropical Transition of Tropical Cyclone Edisoana (1990)Monthly Weather Review, 142
C. Grams, S. Jones, C. Davis, P. Harr, M. Weissmann (2013)
The impact of Typhoon Jangmi (2008) on the midlatitude flow. Part I: Upper‐level ridgebuilding and modification of the jetQuarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, 139
Chenjie Huang, Yuh-Lang Lin, M. Kaplan, J. Charney (2007)
Synoptic-Scale and Mesoscale Environments Conducive to Forest Fires during the October 2003 Extreme Fire Event in Southern CaliforniaJournal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology, 48
P. Klein, P. Harr, R. Elsberry (2000)
Extratropical Transition of Western North Pacific Tropical Cyclones: An Overview and Conceptual Model of the Transformation StageWeather and Forecasting, 15
R. Moore, M. Montgomery (2005)
Analysis of an Idealized, Three-Dimensional Diabatic Rossby Vortex: A Coherent Structure of the Moist Baroclinic AtmosphereJournal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 62
O. Martínez‐Alvarado, E. Madonna, S. Gray, H. Joos (2016)
A route to systematic error in forecasts of Rossby wavesQuarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, 142
H. Archambault, D. Keyser, L. Bosart, C. Davis, J. Cordeira (2015)
A Composite Perspective of the Extratropical Flow Response to Recurving Western North Pacific Tropical CyclonesMonthly Weather Review, 143
J. Aparicio, P. Martínez-Austria, A. Güitrón, A. Ramirez (2009)
Floods in Tabasco, Mexico: a diagnosis and proposal for courses of actionJournal of Flood Risk Management, 2
Ilona Glatt, V. Wirth (2014)
Identifying Rossby wave trains and quantifying their propertiesQuarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, 140
J. Quinting, S. Jones (2016)
On the Impact of Tropical Cyclones on Rossby Wave Packets: A Climatological PerspectiveMonthly Weather Review, 144
O. Martius, H. Sodemann, H. Joos, S. Pfahl, A. Winschall, M. Croci‐Maspoli, M. Graf, E. Madonna, B. Mueller, S. Schemm, J. Sedlacek, M. Sprenger, H. Wernli (2013)
The role of upper‐level dynamics and surface processes for the Pakistan flood of July 2010Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, 139
David, M., Schultz, W., Edward, Lance, F., Bosart, Gregory, J., Hakim, Mary, A., Bedrick, Michael, Dickinson, Kevin, R., Tyle (1997)
The 1993 Superstorm Cold Surge: Frontal Structure, Gap Flow, and Tropical ImpactMonthly Weather Review, 125
M. Shapiro, T. Hampel, A. Krueger (1987)
The Arctic Tropopause FoldMonthly Weather Review, 115
A. Winters, Jonathan Martin (2014)
The Role of a Polar/Subtropical Jet Superposition in the May 2010 Nashville FloodWeather and Forecasting, 29
H. Wernli, M. Sprenger (2007)
Identification and ERA-15 Climatology of Potential Vorticity Streamers and Cutoffs near the Extratropical TropopauseJournal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 64
P. Thornton, S. Running, M. White (1997)
Generating surfaces of daily meteorological variables over large regions of complex terrainJournal of Hydrology, 190
S. Pfahl, E. Madonna, M. Boettcher, H. Joos, H. Wernli (2014)
Warm Conveyor Belts in the ERA-Interim Dataset (1979–2010). Part II: Moisture Origin and Relevance for PrecipitationJournal of Climate, 27
K. Knapp, S. Ansari, C. Bain, M. Bourassa, Michael Dickinson, C. Funk, C. Helms, Christopher Hennon, C. Holmes, G. Huffman, J. Kossin, Hai-Tien Lee, A. Loew, G. Magnusdottir (2011)
Globally Gridded Satellite Observations for Climate StudiesBulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 92
P. Harr, D. Anwender, S. Jones (2008)
Predictability Associated with the Downstream Impacts of the Extratropical Transition of Tropical Cyclones: Methodology and a Case Study of Typhoon Nabi (2005)Monthly Weather Review, 136
(2007)
California fire siege 2007: An overview. California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection, 109 pp
I. Small (1995)
Santa Ana winds and the fire outbreak of fall 1993
Thomas Galarneau, L. Bosart, R. Schumacher (2010)
Predecessor Rain Events ahead of Tropical CyclonesMonthly Weather Review, 138
S. Steinschneider, Upmanu Lall (2015)
Daily Precipitation and Tropical Moisture Exports across the Eastern United States: An Application of Archetypal Analysis to Identify Spatiotemporal StructureJournal of Climate, 28
J. Abatzoglou, R. Barbero, Nicholas Nauslar (2013)
Diagnosing Santa Ana Winds in Southern California with Synoptic-Scale AnalysisWeather and Forecasting, 28
G. Hakim (2001)
Developing Wave Packets in the North Pacific Storm TrackMonthly Weather Review, 131
S. Cavallo, G. Hakim (2012)
Radiative Impact on Tropopause Polar Vortices over the ArcticMonthly Weather Review, 140
J. Keller, S. Jones, P. Harr (2014)
An eddy kinetic energy view of physical and dynamical processes in distinct forecast scenarios for the extratropical transition of two tropical cyclonesMonthly Weather Review, 142
F. Rivera-Trejo, G. Soto‐Cortes, Baldemar Méndez-Antonio (2010)
The 2007 flood in Tabasco, Mexico: an integral analysis of a devastating phenomenonInternational Journal of River Basin Management, 8
T. Carlson (1980)
Airflow Through Midlatitude Cyclones and the Comma Cloud PatternMonthly Weather Review, 108
Takeshi Enomoto, W. Ohfuchi, H. Nakamura, M. Shapiro (2007)
Remote effects of tropical storm Cristobal upon a cut-off cyclone over Europe in August 2002Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics, 96
S. Cavallo, G. Hakim (2009)
Potential Vorticity Diagnosis of a Tropopause Polar CycloneMonthly Weather Review, 137
A. Stein, R. Draxler, G. Rolph, B. Stunder, Mark Cohen, F. Ngan (2015)
NOAA’s HYSPLIT Atmospheric Transport and Dispersion Modeling SystemBulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 96
L. Wiegand, Arwen Twitchett, C. Schwierz, P. Knippertz (2011)
Heavy Precipitation at the Alpine South Side and Saharan Dust over Central Europe: A Predictability Study Using TIGGEWeather and Forecasting, 26
Sukyoung Lee, I. Held (1993)
Baroclinic wave packets in models and observationsJournal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 50
S. Saha, S. Moorthi, Hua-Lu Pan, Xingren Wu, Jiande Wang, S. Nadiga, P. Tripp, Robert Kistler, J. Woollen, D. Behringer, Haixia Liu, Diane Stokes, R. Grumbine, G. Gayno, Jun Wang, Yu-Tai Hou, Hui-Ya Chuang, H.‐M. Juang, Joe Sela, M. Iredell, R. Treadon, D. Kleist, P. Delst, Dennis Keyser, J. Derber, Michael Ek, J. Meng, Helin Wei, Rongqian Yang, Stephen Lord, H. Dool, Arun Kumar, Wanqiu Wang, Craig Long, M. Chelliah, Y. Xue, Boyin Huang, J. Schemm, W. Ebisuzaki, R. Lin, Pingping Xie, Mingyue Chen, Shuntai Zhou, W. Higgins, Cheng-Zhi Zou, Quanhua Liu, Yong Chen, Yong Han, L. Cucurull, R. Reynolds, Glenn Rutledge, Mitch goLdberg (2010)
The NCEP Climate Forecast System ReanalysisBulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 91
M. Brennan, H. Cobb, R. Knabb (2010)
Observations of Gulf of Tehuantepec Gap Wind Events from QuikSCAT: An Updated Event Climatology and Operational Model EvaluationWeather and Forecasting, 25
L. Bosart, J. Cordeira, Thomas Galarneau, B. Moore, H. Archambault (2012)
An Analysis of Multiple Predecessor Rain Events ahead of Tropical Cyclones Ike and Lowell: 10-15 September 2008Monthly Weather Review, 140
M. Boettcher, H. Wernli (2013)
A 10-yr Climatology of Diabatic Rossby Waves in the Northern HemisphereMonthly Weather Review, 141
O. Martius, C. Schwierz, H. Davies (2010)
Tropopause-Level WaveguidesJournal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 67
E. Lorenz (1955)
Available Potential Energy and the Maintenance of the General CirculationTellus A, 7
R. Torn, G. Hakim (2015)
Comparison of Wave Packets Associated with Extratropical Transition and Winter CyclonesMonthly Weather Review, 143
R. Torn (2010)
Diagnosis of the Downstream Ridging Associated with Extratropical Transition Using Short-Term Ensemble ForecastsJournal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 67
E. Madonna, M. Boettcher, C. Grams, H. Joos, O. Martius, H. Wernli (2015)
Verification of North Atlantic warm conveyor belt outflows in ECMWF forecastsQuarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, 141
B. Hoskins, M. McIntyre, A. Robertson (2007)
On the use and significance of isentropic potential vorticity mapsQuarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, 111
Florian Pantillon, J. Chaboureau, P. Mascart, C. Lac (2013)
Predictability of a Mediterranean Tropical-Like Storm Downstream of the Extratropical Transition of Hurricane Helene (2006)Monthly Weather Review, 141
O. Martius, Evelyn Zenklusen, C. Schwierz, H. Davies (2006)
Episodes of alpine heavy precipitation with an overlying elongated stratospheric intrusion: a climatologyInternational Journal of Climatology, 26
AbstractThis study uses observations and model reanalyses to examine the multiscale processes associated with four high-impact extreme weather events (EWEs) over North America during late October 2007. The EWEs consisted of wind-driven wildfires in California, prolonged anomalous cold conditions in Mexico linked to two cold surges, heavy rainfall in the eastern United States, and severe flood-producing heavy rainfall in southern Mexico. The EWEs involved a pronounced large-scale flow reconfiguration across the North Pacific and North America in conjunction with the formation of a high-amplitude Rossby wave train. The flow reconfiguration involved perturbations to the North Pacific jet stream linked to polar, midlatitude, and tropical disturbances, including three tropopause-level polar disturbances originating over northeastern Asia, transient extratropical cyclones, a diabatic Rossby vortex, and western North Pacific Tropical Cyclone Kajiki. Eulerian and Lagrangian diagnostics indicate that ridge amplification within the wave train was enhanced in connection with latent heat release along warm conveyor belts rooted in the tropics and subtropics over the North Pacific. Two anticyclonic Rossby wave breaking events over North America established synoptic-scale conditions that supported the EWEs. The results highlight how the large- and synoptic-scale flow can evolve to facilitate multiple geographically separated but dynamically linked EWEs. Based on the results, it is posited that during autumn the North Pacific jet stream may be particularly conducive to large-scale flow amplification, possibly resulting in EWEs, in response to perturbations associated with tropical, midlatitude, and polar disturbances.
Monthly Weather Review – American Meteorological Society
Published: Apr 16, 2017
Read and print from thousands of top scholarly journals.
Already have an account? Log in
Bookmark this article. You can see your Bookmarks on your DeepDyve Library.
To save an article, log in first, or sign up for a DeepDyve account if you don’t already have one.
Copy and paste the desired citation format or use the link below to download a file formatted for EndNote
Access the full text.
Sign up today, get DeepDyve free for 14 days.
All DeepDyve websites use cookies to improve your online experience. They were placed on your computer when you launched this website. You can change your cookie settings through your browser.