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Subversion of Host Recognition and Defense Systems by Francisella spp.

Subversion of Host Recognition and Defense Systems by Francisella spp. Subversion of Host Recognition and Defense Systems by Francisella spp. Crystal L. Jones a , Brooke A. Napier a , Timothy R. Sampson a , Anna C. Llewellyn a , Max R. Schroeder a and David S. Weiss b , c a Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Microbiology and Molecular Genetics Program b Emory Vaccine Center c Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA SUMMARY Summary: Francisella tularensis is a Gram-negative intracellular pathogen and the causative agent of the disease tularemia. Inhalation of as few as 10 bacteria is sufficient to cause severe disease, making F. tularensis one of the most highly virulent bacterial pathogens. The initial stage of infection is characterized by the “silent” replication of bacteria in the absence of a significant inflammatory response. Francisella achieves this difficult task using several strategies: (i) strong integrity of the bacterial surface to resist host killing mechanisms and the release of inflammatory bacterial components (pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs)), (ii) modification of PAMPs to prevent activation of inflammatory pathways, and (iii) active modulation of the host response by escaping the phagosome and directly suppressing inflammatory pathways. We review the specific mechanisms by which Francisella achieves these goals to subvert host defenses and promote pathogenesis, highlighting as-yet-unanswered questions and important areas for future study. http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews American Society For Microbiology

Subversion of Host Recognition and Defense Systems by Francisella spp.

Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews , Volume 76 (2): 383 – Jun 1, 2012

Abstract

Subversion of Host Recognition and Defense Systems by Francisella spp. Crystal L. Jones a , Brooke A. Napier a , Timothy R. Sampson a , Anna C. Llewellyn a , Max R. Schroeder a and David S. Weiss b , c a Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Microbiology and Molecular Genetics Program b Emory Vaccine Center c Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA SUMMARY Summary: Francisella tularensis is a Gram-negative intracellular pathogen and the causative agent of the disease tularemia. Inhalation of as few as 10 bacteria is sufficient to cause severe disease, making F. tularensis one of the most highly virulent bacterial pathogens. The initial stage of infection is characterized by the “silent” replication of bacteria in the absence of a significant inflammatory response. Francisella achieves this difficult task using several strategies: (i) strong integrity of the bacterial surface to resist host killing mechanisms and the release of inflammatory bacterial components (pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs)), (ii) modification of PAMPs to prevent activation of inflammatory pathways, and (iii) active modulation of the host response by escaping the phagosome and directly suppressing inflammatory pathways. We review the specific mechanisms by which Francisella achieves these goals to subvert host defenses and promote pathogenesis, highlighting as-yet-unanswered questions and important areas for future study.

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References (248)

Publisher
American Society For Microbiology
Copyright
Copyright © 2012 by the American society for Microbiology.
ISSN
1092-2172
eISSN
1098-5557
DOI
10.1128/MMBR.05027-11
pmid
22688817
Publisher site
See Article on Publisher Site

Abstract

Subversion of Host Recognition and Defense Systems by Francisella spp. Crystal L. Jones a , Brooke A. Napier a , Timothy R. Sampson a , Anna C. Llewellyn a , Max R. Schroeder a and David S. Weiss b , c a Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Microbiology and Molecular Genetics Program b Emory Vaccine Center c Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA SUMMARY Summary: Francisella tularensis is a Gram-negative intracellular pathogen and the causative agent of the disease tularemia. Inhalation of as few as 10 bacteria is sufficient to cause severe disease, making F. tularensis one of the most highly virulent bacterial pathogens. The initial stage of infection is characterized by the “silent” replication of bacteria in the absence of a significant inflammatory response. Francisella achieves this difficult task using several strategies: (i) strong integrity of the bacterial surface to resist host killing mechanisms and the release of inflammatory bacterial components (pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs)), (ii) modification of PAMPs to prevent activation of inflammatory pathways, and (iii) active modulation of the host response by escaping the phagosome and directly suppressing inflammatory pathways. We review the specific mechanisms by which Francisella achieves these goals to subvert host defenses and promote pathogenesis, highlighting as-yet-unanswered questions and important areas for future study.

Journal

Microbiology and Molecular Biology ReviewsAmerican Society For Microbiology

Published: Jun 1, 2012

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