-
J.
Pépin,
G.
Morgan,
D.
Dunn,
S.
Gevao,
Maimuna
Mendy,
I.
Gaye,
N.
Scollen,
R.
Tedder,
H.
Whittle
(1991)
HIV-2-induced immunosuppression among asymptomatic West African prostitutes: evidence that HIV-2 is pathogenic, but less so than HIV-1.
AIDS, 5 10
-
D.
Regier,
R.
Desrosiers
(1990)
The complete nucleotide sequence of a pathogenic molecular clone of simian immunodeficiency virus.
AIDS research and human retroviruses, 6 11
-
C.
Lundquist,
M.
Tobiume,
Jing-jiao
Zhou,
D.
Unutmaz,
C.
Aiken
(2002)
Nef-Mediated Downregulation of CD4 Enhances Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Replication in Primary T Lymphocytes
Journal of Virology, 76
-
G.
Silvestri,
A.
Fedanov,
S.
Germon,
N.
Kozyr,
W.
Kaiser,
D.
Garber,
H.
McClure,
M.
Feinberg,
S.
Staprans
(2005)
Divergent Host Responses during Primary Simian Immunodeficiency Virus SIVsm Infection of Natural Sooty Mangabey and Nonnatural Rhesus Macaque Hosts
Journal of Virology, 79
-
T.
Swigut,
N.
Shohdy,
J.
Skowroński
(2001)
Mechanism for down‐regulation of CD28 by Nef
The EMBO Journal, 20
-
M.
Schindler,
S.
Würfl,
P.
Benaroch,
T.
Greenough,
R.
Daniels,
P.
Easterbrook,
M.
Brenner,
J.
Münch,
F.
Kirchhoff
(2003)
Down-Modulation of Mature Major Histocompatibility Complex Class II and Up-Regulation of Invariant Chain Cell Surface Expression Are Well-Conserved Functions of Human and Simian Immunodeficiency Virus nef Alleles
Journal of Virology, 77
-
F.
Clavel,
M.
Guyader,
D.
Guétard,
Mireille
Sallé,
L.
Montagnier,
M.
Alizon
(1986)
Molecular cloning and polymorphism of the human immune deficiency virus type 2
Nature, 324
-
I.
Bell,
C.
Ashman,
J.
Maughan,
E.
Hooker,
F.
Cook,
T.
Reinhart
(1998)
Association of simian immunodeficiency virus Nef with the T-cell receptor (TCR) zeta chain leads to TCR down-modulation.
The Journal of general virology, 79 ( Pt 11)
-
Y.
Naidu,
H.
Kestler,
Yen,
Li,
C.
Butler,
P.
Daniel,
Silva,
D.
Schmidt,
Cynthia
Troup,
P.
Sehgal,
P.
Sonigo,
M.
Daniel,
Ronald
DESROSIERSl
(1988)
Characterization of infectious molecular clones of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIVmac) and human immunodeficiency virus type 2: persistent infection of rhesus monkeys with molecularly cloned SIVmac
Journal of Virology, 62
-
J.
Hua,
B.
Cullen
(1997)
Human immunodeficiency virus types 1 and 2 and simian immunodeficiency virus Nef use distinct but overlapping target sites for downregulation of cell surface CD4
Journal of Virology, 71
-
R.
Marlink,
D.
Ricard,
S.
Mboup,
P.
Kanki,
J.
Romet‐Lemonne,
I.
Ndoye,
K.
Diop,
M.
Simpson,
F.
Greco,
M.
Chou,
V.
DeGruttola,
C.
Hsieh,
C.
Boye,
F.
Barin,
F.
Denis,
M.
Mclane,
M.
Essex
(1988)
Clinical, hematologic, and immunologic cross-sectional evaluation of individuals exposed to human immunodeficiency virus type-2 (HIV-2).
AIDS research and human retroviruses, 4 2
-
S.
Carl,
A.
Iafrate,
Sabine
Lang,
N.
Stolte,
C.
Stahl‐Hennig,
K.
Mätz-Rensing,
Dietmar
Fuchs,
J.
Skowroński,
F.
Kirchhoff
(2000)
Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Containing Mutations in N-Terminal Tyrosine Residues and in the PxxP Motif in Nef Replicates Efficiently in Rhesus Macaques
Journal of Virology, 74
-
A.
Iafrate,
S.
Carl,
Scott
Bronson,
C.
Stahl‐Hennig,
T.
Swigut,
J.
Skowroński,
F.
Kirchhoff
(2000)
Disrupting Surfaces of Nef Required for Downregulation of CD4 and for Enhancement of Virion Infectivity Attenuates Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Replication In Vivo
Journal of Virology, 74
-
A.
Iafrate,
Scott
Bronson,
J.
Skowroński
(1997)
Separable functions of Nef disrupt two aspects of T cell receptor machinery: CD4 expression and CD3 signaling
The EMBO Journal, 16
-
F.
Kirchhoff,
M.
Schindler,
N.
Bailer,
G.
Renkema,
K.
Saksela,
V.
Knoop,
M.
Müller-Trutwin,
M.
Santiago,
F.
Bibollet-Ruche,
M.
Dittmar,
J.
Heeney,
B.
Hahn,
J.
Münch
(2004)
Nef Proteins from Simian Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Chimpanzees Interact with p21-Activated Kinase 2 and Modulate Cell Surface Expression of Various Human Receptors
Journal of Virology, 78
-
H.
Craig,
Mark
Pandori,
J.
Guatelli
(1998)
Interaction of HIV-1 Nef with the cellular dileucine-based sorting pathway is required for CD4 down-regulation and optimal viral infectivity.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 95 19
-
M.
Geyer,
O.
Fackler,
B.
Peterlin
(2001)
Structure–function relationships in HIV‐1 Nef
EMBO reports, 2
-
F.
Gao,
'.
Yue,
'.
Robertson,
Sherri
Hill,
'.
Hui,
'.
Biggar,
Alfred
Neequaye,
Thomas
Whelan,
HO
DAVIDD.,
G.
Shaw,
P.
Sharp,
H.
Beatrice,
'.
Hahn
(1994)
Genetic diversity of human immunodeficiency virus type 2: evidence for distinct sequence subtypes with differences in virus biology
Journal of Virology, 68
-
E.
Argañaraz,
M.
Schindler,
F.
Kirchhoff,
M.
Cortés,
J.
Lama
(2003)
Enhanced CD4 Down-modulation by Late Stage HIV-1 nef Alleles Is Associated with Increased Env Incorporation and Viral Replication*
Journal of Biological Chemistry, 278
-
F.
Gao,
L.
Yue,
A.
White,
P.
Pappas,
J.
Barchue,
Aloysius
Hanson,
B.
Greene,
P.
Sharp,
G.
Shaw,
B.
Hahn
(1992)
Human infection by genetically diverse SIVSM-related HIV-2 in West Africa
Nature, 358
-
S.
Lang,
A.
Lafrate,
C.
Stahl‐Hennig,
E.
Kuhn,
T.
Nisslein,
F.
Kaup,
M.
Haupt,
G.
Hunsmann,
J.
Skowroński,
F.
Kirchhoff
(1997)
Association of simian immunodeficiency virus Nef with cellular serine/threonine kinases is dispensable for the development of AIDS in rhesus macaques
Nature Medicine, 3
-
S.
Carl,
T.
Greenough,
M.
Krumbiegel,
Michael
Greenberg,
J.
Skowroński,
J.
Sullivan,
F.
Kirchhoff
(2001)
Modulation of Different Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Nef Functions during Progression to AIDS
Journal of Virology, 75
-
E.
Platt,
K.
Wehrly,
S.
Kuhmann,
B.
Chesebro,
D.
Kabat
(1998)
Effects of CCR5 and CD4 Cell Surface Concentrations on Infections by Macrophagetropic Isolates of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1
Journal of Virology, 72
-
A.
Simmons,
V.
Aluvihare,
A.
McMichael
(2001)
Nef triggers a transcriptional program in T cells imitating single-signal T cell activation and inducing HIV virulence mediators.
Immunity, 14 6
-
B.
Ling,
C.
Apetrei,
I.
Pandrea,
R.
Veazey,
A.
Lackner,
B.
Gormus,
P.
Marx
(2004)
Classic AIDS in a Sooty Mangabey after an 18-Year Natural Infection
Journal of Virology, 78
-
S.
Glushakova,
J.
Münch,
S.
Carl,
T.
Greenough,
J.
Sullivan,
L.
Margolis,
F.
Kirchhoff
(2001)
CD4 Down-Modulation by Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Nef Correlates with the Efficiency of Viral Replication and with CD4+ T-Cell Depletion in Human Lymphoid Tissue Ex Vivo
Journal of Virology, 75
-
Thomas
Schulz,
Denise
Whitby,
Julian
Hoad,
T.
Corrah,
Hilton
Whittle,
R.
Weiss
(1990)
Biological and molecular variability of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 isolates from The Gambia
Journal of Virology, 64
-
(1994)
Copyright � 1995, American Society for Microbiology Progression to AIDS in the Absence of a Gene for vpr or vpx
-
E.
Rücker,
J.
Grivel,
J.
Münch,
F.
Kirchhoff,
L.
Margolis
(2004)
Vpr and Vpu Are Important for Efficient Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Replication and CD4+ T-Cell Depletion in Human Lymphoid Tissue Ex Vivo
Journal of Virology, 78
-
J.
Münch,
N.
Stolte,
D.
Fuchs,
C.
Stahl‐Hennig,
F.
Kirchhoff
(2001)
Efficient Class I Major Histocompatibility Complex Down-Regulation by Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Nef Is Associated with a Strong Selective Advantage in Infected Rhesus Macaques
Journal of Virology, 75
-
B.
Hahn,
G.
Shaw,
K.
Cock,
P.
Sharp
(2000)
AIDS as a zoonosis: scientific and public health implications.
Science, 287 5453
-
L.
Alexander,
Z.
Du,
Michael
Rosenzweig,
Jae
Jung,
Ronald
Desrosiers
(1997)
A role for natural simian immunodeficiency virus and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 nef alleles in lymphocyte activation
Journal of Virology, 71
-
J.
Münch,
Ajit
Janardhan,
N.
Stolte,
C.
Stahl‐Hennig,
P.
Haaft,
J.
Heeney,
T.
Swigut,
F.
Kirchhoff,
J.
Skowroński
(2002)
T-Cell Receptor:CD3 Down-Regulation Is a Selected In Vivo Function of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Nef but Is Not Sufficient for Effective Viral Replication in Rhesus Macaques
Journal of Virology, 76
-
N.
Riggs,
H.
Craig,
M.
Pandori,
J.
Guatelli
(1999)
The dileucine-based sorting motif in HIV-1 Nef is not required for down-regulation of class I MHC.
Virology, 258 2
-
Pamela
Stumptner-Cuvelette,
S.
Morchoisne,
Marc
Dugast,
S.
Gall,
G.
Raposo,
O.
Schwartz,
P.
Benaroch
(2001)
HIV-1 Nef impairs MHC class II antigen presentation and surface expression
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 98
-
R.
Desrosiers,
D.
Ringler
(1989)
Use of simian immunodeficiency viruses for AIDS research.
Intervirology, 30 6
-
F.
Kirchhoff,
J.
Münch,
S.
Carl,
N.
Stolte,
K.
Mätz-Rensing,
D.
Fuchs,
P.
Haaft,
J.
Heeney,
T.
Swigut,
J.
Skowroński,
C.
Stahl‐Hennig
(1999)
The Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1nef Gene Can to a Large Extent Replace Simian Immunodeficiency Virus nef In Vivo
Journal of Virology, 73
-
P.
Bresnahan,
W.
Yonemoto,
W.
Greene
(1999)
Cutting edge: SIV Nef protein utilizes both leucine- and tyrosine-based protein sorting pathways for down-regulation of CD4.
Journal of immunology, 163 6
-
M.
Greenberg,
A.
Iafrate,
J.
Skowroński
(1998)
The SH3 domain‐binding surface and an acidic motif in HIV‐1 Nef regulate trafficking of class I MHC complexes
The EMBO Journal, 17
-
M.
Schindler,
J.
Münch,
M.
Brenner,
C.
Stahl‐Hennig,
J.
Skowroński,
F.
Kirchhoff
(2004)
Comprehensive Analysis of Nef Functions Selected in Simian Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Macaques
Journal of Virology, 78
-
Philippe
Michel,
A.
Balde,
Christian
Roussilhon,
G.
Aribot,
J.
Sarthou,
M.
Gougeon
(2000)
Reduced immune activation and T cell apoptosis in human immunodeficiency virus type 2 compared with type 1: correlation of T cell apoptosis with beta2 microglobulin concentration and disease evolution.
The Journal of infectious diseases, 181 1
-
A.
Howe,
Jae
Jung,
R.
Desrosiers
(1998)
Zeta Chain of the T-Cell Receptor Interacts with nef of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 2
Journal of Virology, 72
-
P.
Fultz
(1993)
Nonhuman primate models for AIDS.
Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 17 Suppl 1
-
M.
Rey-Cuillé,
J.
Berthier,
M.
Bomsel-Demontoy,
Yves
Chaduc,
L.
Montagnier,
A.
Hovanessian,
L.
Chakrabarti
(1998)
Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Replicates to High Levels in Sooty Mangabeys without Inducing Disease
Journal of Virology, 72
-
C.
Derdeyn,
J.
Decker,
Jeffrey
Sfakianos,
Xiaoyun
Wu,
W.
O'brien,
L.
Ratner,
J.
Kappes,
G.
Shaw,
E.
Hunter
(2000)
Sensitivity of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 to the Fusion Inhibitor T-20 Is Modulated by Coreceptor Specificity Defined by the V3 Loop of gp120
Journal of Virology, 74
-
Parul
Patel,
Monica
Kimata,
J.
Biggins,
Joelle
Wilson,
J.
Kimata
(2002)
Highly Pathogenic Simian Immunodeficiency Virus mne Variants That Emerge during the Course of Infection Evolve Enhanced Infectivity and the Ability To Downregulate CD4 but Not Class I Major Histocompatibility Complex Antigens
Journal of Virology, 76
-
William
Switzer,
Stefan
Wiktor,
Vincent
Soriano,
Antonio
Silva-Graça,
K.
Mansinho,
Issa-Malik
Coulibaly,
E.
Ekpini,
Alan
Greenberg,
T.
Folks,
Walid
Heneine
(1998)
Evidence of Nef truncation in human immunodeficiency virus type 2 infection.
The Journal of infectious diseases, 177 1
-
SIVsm AND HIV-2 Nef FUNCTION 10559
-
T.
Swigut,
L.
Alexander,
J.
Morgan,
J.
Lifson,
K.
Mansfield,
S.
Lang,
R.
Johnson,
J.
Skowroński,
R.
Desrosiers
(2004)
Impact of Nef-Mediated Downregulation of Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I on Immune Response to Simian Immunodeficiency Virus
Journal of Virology, 78
-
R.
Benson,
Annika
Sanfridson,
Janet
Ottinger,
Carolyn
Doyle
(1993)
Downregulation of cell-surface CD4 expression by simian immunodeficiency virus Nef prevents viral super infection
The Journal of Experimental Medicine, 177
-
Harry
Kestier,
D.
Ringler,
K.
Mori,
D.
Panicali,
P.
Sehgal,
M.
Daniel,
R.
Desrosiers
(1991)
Importance of the nef gene for maintenance of high virus loads and for development of AIDS
Cell, 65
-
A.
Dalgleish,
K.
O'Byrne
(2002)
Chronic immune activation and inflammation in the pathogenesis of AIDS and cancer.
Advances in cancer research, 84
-
V.
Piguet,
Yen-Liang
Chen,
A.
Mangasarian,
Michelangelo
Foti,
J.
Carpentier,
D.
Trono
(1998)
Mechanism of Nef‐induced CD4 endocytosis: Nef connects CD4 with the μ chain of adaptor complexes
The EMBO Journal, 17
-
Z.
Du,
S.
Lang,
V.
Sasseville,
A.
Lackner,
P.
Ilyinskii,
M.
Daniel,
Jae
Jung,
R.
Desrosiers
(1995)
Identification of a nef allele that causes lymphocyte activation and acute disease in Macaque monkeys
Cell, 82
-
H.
Kestler,
T.
Kodama,
D.
Ringler,
M.
Marthas,
N.
Pedersen,
A.
Lackner,
D.
Regier,
P.
Sehgal,
M.
Daniel,
N.
King,
R.
Desrosiers
(1990)
Induction of AIDS in rhesus monkeys by molecularly cloned simian immunodeficiency virus.
Science, 248 4959
-
G.
Silvestri,
D.
Sodora,
R.
Koup,
M.
Paiardini,
S.
O’Neil,
H.
McClure,
S.
Staprans,
M.
Feinberg
(2003)
Nonpathogenic SIV infection of sooty mangabeys is characterized by limited bystander immunopathology despite chronic high-level viremia.
Immunity, 18 3
-
Anastassia
Blagoveshchenskaya,
L.
Thomas,
Sylvain
Feliciangeli,
C.
Hung,
G.
Thomas
(2002)
HIV-1 Nef Downregulates MHC-I by a PACS-1- and PI3K-Regulated ARF6 Endocytic Pathway
Cell, 111
-
A.
Kaur,
R.
Grant,
R.
Means,
Harold
McClure,
M.
Feinberg,
R.
Johnson
(1998)
Diverse Host Responses and Outcomes following Simian Immunodeficiency Virus SIVmac239 Infection in Sooty Mangabeys and Rhesus Macaques
Journal of Virology, 72
-
F.
Kirchhoff,
K.
Jentsch,
B.
Bachmann,
A.
Stuke,
C.
Laloux,
W.
Lüke,
C.
Stahl‐Hennig,
J.
Schneider,
K.
Nieselt,
M.
Eigen
(1990)
A novel proviral clone of HIV-2: biological and phylogenetic relationship to other primate immunodeficiency viruses.
Virology, 177 1
-
Sudhir
Kumar,
K.
Tamura,
M.
Nei
(2004)
MEGA3: Integrated software for Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis and sequence alignment
Briefings in bioinformatics, 5 2
-
T.
Swigut,
A.
Iafrate,
J.
Muench,
F.
Kirchhoff,
J.
Skowroński
(2000)
Simian and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Nef Proteins Use Different Surfaces To Downregulate Class I Major Histocompatibility Complex Antigen Expression
Journal of Virology, 74
-
S.
Owen,
D.
Ellenberger,
M.
Rayfield,
S.
Wiktor,
P.
Michel,
M.
Grieco,
F.
Gao,
B.
Hahn,
R.
Lal
(1998)
Genetically Divergent Strains of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 2 Use Multiple Coreceptors for Viral Entry
Journal of Virology, 72