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No variation of e.m.f. with thickness was found if the thickness of bismuth (2X10-4 cm) was held constant and the thickness of the antimony varied from 5 X 10-6 cm to 10-4 cm. When the thickness of antimony (3X10-a cm) was held constant and the thickness of bismuth varied, a decided effect was found for thicknesses less than 10-4 cm. A plot of the results obtained are shown in Fig. 1. Thicknesses above 1o-4 cm yield a thermal e.m.f. corresponding to that of massive Bi-Sb. Burger and van Cittert,' in a study of evaporated films of Bi-Sb found the thermal e.m.f. of this couple the same as that of massive metal. However their thickness was 10-4 cm- corresponding to the flat part of our curve. We have no theoretical reason to anticipate that the thermal e.m.f. of thin thermocouples should be different from that of the massive metals. It is possible, however, that the low e.m.f. is due to an effect of contamination by gases during the sputtering process-an effect which might manifest itself more in thin layers of metal. Nevertheless the smoothness of the curve seems to indicate a more regular change than such a contamination might
Physical Review – American Physical Society (APS)
Published: Dec 1, 1933
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