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He' Separation by a Heat Flux in Liquid Helium I1* C. T. LANE AND HENRY A. FAIRBANK Sloane Physics Laboratory, Yale University, New Haven, Connectictt AND L. T. ALDRICH AND ALFRED 0. NIER !)epartment of Physics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota December 16, 1947 A CCORDING to current ideas, liquid helium in the Atemperature interval between absolute zero and 2.19°K (X-point) can be envisioned as behaving like two interpenetrating fluids-a so-called "superfluid" phase and a "normal" phase. The density of superfluid states (p.) and normal states (pn) bear a temperature dependent rela- tionship to each other such that all the atoms are in p. states at absolute zero and all are in p. states at, and above, the X-point. The macroscopic current density (j) is given by i = PV. + PnVn, where the v's refer to the respective velocities of flow. Thus it is possible to have countercurrent flow of the two phases in the liquid without giving rise to a macroscopic current. Such a case is believed to occur if a temperature gradient is maintained in liquid helium II. Here p. atoms flow from the cold region to the hot, are there raised in energy to
Physical Review – American Physical Society (APS)
Published: Feb 1, 1948
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