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Distribution of Arrival Times of Air Shower Particles

Distribution of Arrival Times of Air Shower Particles We have studied the instantaneous distribution of particles in extensive air showers at sea level by measuring the relative delays between particles with three liquid scintillation counters. The delays measured were in the range from 5 to 300 mμsec. The sizes of the showers were in the range from 10 5 to 10 6 particles. Using statistical methods of analysis we have found that at a given instant most electrons with energies of ∼20 Mev lie in a flat disk of thickness between 1 and 2 meters. The particles which can penetrate at least 20 cm of lead lie in a disk of thickness between 2 and 3 meters. The disk of penetrating particles follows behind the disk of electrons by less then 3 meters. We measured the projected zenith angles of the axes of individual showers by measuring the delays between widely spaced counters. The standard deviation of a measurement of the sine of the projected zenith angle of a shower was 0.13. The root mean square of the sines of the projected zenith angles was found to be 0.24±0.015. If we assume a cos n θ distribution law for the projected zenith angles we find n = 15 ± 1.2 . We determined the spatial orientations of the axes of individual showers by measuring the projections of the zenith angles on two mutually perpendicular planes. http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png Physical Review American Physical Society (APS)

Distribution of Arrival Times of Air Shower Particles

Physical Review , Volume 92 (2) – Oct 15, 1953
12 pages

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Publisher
American Physical Society (APS)
Copyright
Copyright © 1953 The American Physical Society
ISSN
1536-6065
DOI
10.1103/PhysRev.92.441
Publisher site
See Article on Publisher Site

Abstract

We have studied the instantaneous distribution of particles in extensive air showers at sea level by measuring the relative delays between particles with three liquid scintillation counters. The delays measured were in the range from 5 to 300 mμsec. The sizes of the showers were in the range from 10 5 to 10 6 particles. Using statistical methods of analysis we have found that at a given instant most electrons with energies of ∼20 Mev lie in a flat disk of thickness between 1 and 2 meters. The particles which can penetrate at least 20 cm of lead lie in a disk of thickness between 2 and 3 meters. The disk of penetrating particles follows behind the disk of electrons by less then 3 meters. We measured the projected zenith angles of the axes of individual showers by measuring the delays between widely spaced counters. The standard deviation of a measurement of the sine of the projected zenith angle of a shower was 0.13. The root mean square of the sines of the projected zenith angles was found to be 0.24±0.015. If we assume a cos n θ distribution law for the projected zenith angles we find n = 15 ± 1.2 . We determined the spatial orientations of the axes of individual showers by measuring the projections of the zenith angles on two mutually perpendicular planes.

Journal

Physical ReviewAmerican Physical Society (APS)

Published: Oct 15, 1953

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