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Vascular Reactions in Chronically Inflamed Skin: II. Action of Epinephrine and Phentolamine (Regitine); Action of Acetylcholine and Methacholine (Mecholyl), and the Delayed Blanch

Vascular Reactions in Chronically Inflamed Skin: II. Action of Epinephrine and Phentolamine... Abstract Part I of these studies on vascular reactions in chronically inflamed skin dealt with mechanical cutaneous stimulation and the inhibition of white dermographism.1 This part will consider the action of epinephrine and phentolamine (Regitine), and the action of acetylcholine and methacholine (Mecholyl), together with a discussion of the "delayed blanch" phenomenon. Action of Epinephrine and an Inhibitor, Phentolamine The most powerful physiologic agents for constricting the blood vessels of the skin are epinephrine and arterenol (norepinephrine), both of which are elaborated by the adrenal medulla and at the ends of postganglionic sympathetic fibers. Arterenol probably is the major adrenergic mediator at the postganglionic neuroeffector junctions, whereas epinephrine is the predominant sympathomimetic amine released by the adrenal medulla. Epinephrine is thought to be formed by the methylation of arterenol, the methyl group coming from such methyl donors as methionine.2 Arterenol and epinephrine act directly on References 1. Reed, W. B.; Kierland, R. R., and Code, C. F.: Vascular Reactions in Chronically Inflamed Skin: I. Mechanical Stimuli to the Skin: Inhibition of White Dermographism , A. M. A. Arch. Dermat. , to be published. 2. Goodman, L. S., and Gilman, A.: The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics , Ed. 2, New York, The Macmillan Company, 1955. 3. Rothman, S. and others: Physiology and Biochemistry of the Skin , Chicago, The University of Chicago Press, 1954. 4. Lobitz, W. C., Jr., and Campbell, C. J.: Physiologic Studies in Atopic Dermatitis (Disseminated Neurodermatitis): 1. The Local Cutaneous Response to Intradermally Injected Acetylcholine and Epinephrine , A. M. A. Arch. Dermat. & Syph. 67:575-584 ( (June) ) 1953. 5. Kernen, R., and Brun, R.: Expériences sur la transpiration , Dermatologica 106:1-13, 1953. 6. Gifford, R. W., Jr.; Roth, G. M., and Kvale, W. F.: Evaluation of New Adrenolytic Drug (Regitine) as Test for Pheochromocytoma , J. A. M. A. 149:1628-1634 ( (Aug. 30) ) 1952. 7. Longino, F. H.; Grimson, K. S.; Chittum, J. R., and Metcalf, B. H.: Effects of a New Quaternary Amine and a New Imidazoline Derivative on the Autonomic Nervous System , Surgery 26:421-434 ( (Sept.) ) 1949. 8. Emlet, J. R.; Grimson, K. S., and Metcalf, B. H.: Comparison of Adrenolytic Blocking Effects of Regitine (C-7337) and Benodaine , Am. J. Med. 11:241 ( (Aug.) ) 1951. 9. Lobitz, W. C., Jr.: II. Chemistry and Physiology of Skin in Ormsby, O. S. and Montgomery, H.: Diseases of the Skin , Ed. 8, Philadelphia, Lea & Febiger, 1954, pp. 51-87. 10. Dale, H. H.: Progress in Autopharmacology: A Survey of Present Knowledge of the Chemical Regulation of Certain Functions by Natural Constituents of the Tissues. I. Introduction: The Action of Histamine, and the Evidence Restricting Its Probable Significance. Evidence for Other Natural Vasodilators; II. Acetylcholine: Its Natural Occurrence and Probable Function. Adenosine and Its Derivatives; III. Kallikrein: Vasodilators From Blood-Vessels, Blood, Intestine and Brain. General Survey of the Possible Functions of Such Constituents of the Tissues, in Relation to Those of Nerves and Specific Hormones , Bull. Johns Hopkins Hosp. 53:297-312; 312-329; 329-347, 1933. 11. Wybauw, L.: Transmission humorale de la vaso-dilatation provoquée par l'excitation du bout périphérique des racines postérieures lombaires chez le chat , Compt. rend. Soc. de biol. 123:524-528, 1936. 12. Moynahan, E. J.: Observations on the Effects of Antihistamine Drugs on the Reactions of the Skin Vessels to Carbaminoyl Choline , Brit. J. Dermat. 64:1-9 ( (Jan.) ) 1952. 13. Perry, D. J.; Hosmer, J. A., and Sternberg, T. H.: The Acetylcholine "Blocking Effect" of "Antihistaminic" Drugs as Measured by Electrophoresis of Mecholyl in Human Subjects , J. Invest. Dermat. 16:31-40 ( (Jan.) ) 1951. 14. Lobitz, W. C., Jr.; Heller, M. L., and Dobson, R. L.: Physiologic Studies in Atopic Dermatitis (Disseminated Neurodermatitis): II. The Effect of Denervation on the "Delayed Blanch Phenomenon ," A. M. A. Arch. Dermat. 75:228-229 ( (Feb.) ) 1957. http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png A.M.A. Archives of Dermatology American Medical Association

Vascular Reactions in Chronically Inflamed Skin: II. Action of Epinephrine and Phentolamine (Regitine); Action of Acetylcholine and Methacholine (Mecholyl), and the Delayed Blanch

A.M.A. Archives of Dermatology , Volume 77 (2) – Feb 1, 1958

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References (19)

Publisher
American Medical Association
Copyright
Copyright © 1958 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved.
ISSN
0096-5359
DOI
10.1001/archderm.1958.01560020033002
Publisher site
See Article on Publisher Site

Abstract

Abstract Part I of these studies on vascular reactions in chronically inflamed skin dealt with mechanical cutaneous stimulation and the inhibition of white dermographism.1 This part will consider the action of epinephrine and phentolamine (Regitine), and the action of acetylcholine and methacholine (Mecholyl), together with a discussion of the "delayed blanch" phenomenon. Action of Epinephrine and an Inhibitor, Phentolamine The most powerful physiologic agents for constricting the blood vessels of the skin are epinephrine and arterenol (norepinephrine), both of which are elaborated by the adrenal medulla and at the ends of postganglionic sympathetic fibers. Arterenol probably is the major adrenergic mediator at the postganglionic neuroeffector junctions, whereas epinephrine is the predominant sympathomimetic amine released by the adrenal medulla. Epinephrine is thought to be formed by the methylation of arterenol, the methyl group coming from such methyl donors as methionine.2 Arterenol and epinephrine act directly on References 1. Reed, W. B.; Kierland, R. R., and Code, C. F.: Vascular Reactions in Chronically Inflamed Skin: I. Mechanical Stimuli to the Skin: Inhibition of White Dermographism , A. M. A. Arch. Dermat. , to be published. 2. Goodman, L. S., and Gilman, A.: The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics , Ed. 2, New York, The Macmillan Company, 1955. 3. Rothman, S. and others: Physiology and Biochemistry of the Skin , Chicago, The University of Chicago Press, 1954. 4. Lobitz, W. C., Jr., and Campbell, C. J.: Physiologic Studies in Atopic Dermatitis (Disseminated Neurodermatitis): 1. The Local Cutaneous Response to Intradermally Injected Acetylcholine and Epinephrine , A. M. A. Arch. Dermat. & Syph. 67:575-584 ( (June) ) 1953. 5. Kernen, R., and Brun, R.: Expériences sur la transpiration , Dermatologica 106:1-13, 1953. 6. Gifford, R. W., Jr.; Roth, G. M., and Kvale, W. F.: Evaluation of New Adrenolytic Drug (Regitine) as Test for Pheochromocytoma , J. A. M. A. 149:1628-1634 ( (Aug. 30) ) 1952. 7. Longino, F. H.; Grimson, K. S.; Chittum, J. R., and Metcalf, B. H.: Effects of a New Quaternary Amine and a New Imidazoline Derivative on the Autonomic Nervous System , Surgery 26:421-434 ( (Sept.) ) 1949. 8. Emlet, J. R.; Grimson, K. S., and Metcalf, B. H.: Comparison of Adrenolytic Blocking Effects of Regitine (C-7337) and Benodaine , Am. J. Med. 11:241 ( (Aug.) ) 1951. 9. Lobitz, W. C., Jr.: II. Chemistry and Physiology of Skin in Ormsby, O. S. and Montgomery, H.: Diseases of the Skin , Ed. 8, Philadelphia, Lea & Febiger, 1954, pp. 51-87. 10. Dale, H. H.: Progress in Autopharmacology: A Survey of Present Knowledge of the Chemical Regulation of Certain Functions by Natural Constituents of the Tissues. I. Introduction: The Action of Histamine, and the Evidence Restricting Its Probable Significance. Evidence for Other Natural Vasodilators; II. Acetylcholine: Its Natural Occurrence and Probable Function. Adenosine and Its Derivatives; III. Kallikrein: Vasodilators From Blood-Vessels, Blood, Intestine and Brain. General Survey of the Possible Functions of Such Constituents of the Tissues, in Relation to Those of Nerves and Specific Hormones , Bull. Johns Hopkins Hosp. 53:297-312; 312-329; 329-347, 1933. 11. Wybauw, L.: Transmission humorale de la vaso-dilatation provoquée par l'excitation du bout périphérique des racines postérieures lombaires chez le chat , Compt. rend. Soc. de biol. 123:524-528, 1936. 12. Moynahan, E. J.: Observations on the Effects of Antihistamine Drugs on the Reactions of the Skin Vessels to Carbaminoyl Choline , Brit. J. Dermat. 64:1-9 ( (Jan.) ) 1952. 13. Perry, D. J.; Hosmer, J. A., and Sternberg, T. H.: The Acetylcholine "Blocking Effect" of "Antihistaminic" Drugs as Measured by Electrophoresis of Mecholyl in Human Subjects , J. Invest. Dermat. 16:31-40 ( (Jan.) ) 1951. 14. Lobitz, W. C., Jr.; Heller, M. L., and Dobson, R. L.: Physiologic Studies in Atopic Dermatitis (Disseminated Neurodermatitis): II. The Effect of Denervation on the "Delayed Blanch Phenomenon ," A. M. A. Arch. Dermat. 75:228-229 ( (Feb.) ) 1957.

Journal

A.M.A. Archives of DermatologyAmerican Medical Association

Published: Feb 1, 1958

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